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International Conference on Engineering and Emerging Technologies (ICEET)

A Novel Two-Step Hybrid Quantum Watermarking Technique

Jayesh V. Hire, Vaidehi Gawande, Lalit Kumar, Prasanta Kumar Panigrahi

Published Dec 27, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The paper presents a novel hybrid quantum water-marking method designed to enhance the security and robustness of digital media protection. The proposed scheme integrates a two-step encryption process, achieving high security while pre-serving quality. Key features include classical LSB substitution, quantum chaos matrix, and an improved quantum representation, offering superior resistance to attacks. By combining spatial and transform domain encryption, the method overcomes vulner-abilities in singular value decomposition, enhancing robustness and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Compared to the latest developments-such as sinusoidal-tent map, multi-scale pattern-based quantum text watermarking (MPQTW), maximum pixel difference, tri-way pixel, and NEQR with Quantum Majority Finder (QMF)-the proposed approach shows an average PSNR improvement of approximately 20 % and a significant reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) by 15.41 %. Additionally, the method demonstrates strong resistance to various attack types with a correlation two-dimensional (Corr 2D) value near 1, such as 0.994 against salt and pepper noise attacks. These results highlight a significant advancement in quantum watermarking technology, balancing improved perceptual quality, security, and robustness.

DOI
10.1109/iceet65156.2024.10913810

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The paper presents a novel hybrid quantum water-marking method designed to enhance the security and robustness of digital media protection. The proposed scheme integrates a two-step encryption process, achieving high security while pre-serving quality. Key features include classical LSB substitution, quantum chaos matrix, and an improved quantum representation, offering superior resistance to attacks. By combining spatial and transform domain encryption, the method overcomes vulner-abilities in singular value decomposition, enhancing robustness and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). Compared to the latest developments-such as sinusoidal-tent map, multi-scale pattern-based quantum text watermarking (MPQTW), maximum pixel difference, tri-way pixel, and NEQR with Quantum Majority Finder (QMF)-the proposed approach shows an average PSNR improvement of approximately 20 % and a significant reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER) by 15.41 %. Additionally, the method demonstrates strong resistance to various attack types with a correlation two-dimensional (Corr 2D) value near 1, such as 0.994 against salt and pepper noise attacks. These results highlight a significant advancement in quantum watermarking technology, balancing improved perceptual quality, security, and robustness.
Abstract Quantum watermarking is a technique to embed specific information, usually the owner’s identification, into quantum cover data such for copyright protection purposes. In this paper, a new scheme for quantum watermarking based on quantum wavelet transforms is proposed which includes scrambling, embedding and extracting procedures. The invisibility and robustness performances of the proposed watermarking method is confirmed by simulation technique. The invisibility of the scheme is examined by the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the histogram calculation. Furthermore the robustness of the scheme is analyzed by the Bit Error Rate (BER) and the Correlation Two-Dimensional (Corr 2-D) calculation. The simulation results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme indicate not only acceptable visual quality but also a good resistance against different types of attack.
Purpose: This work aims to apply Quantum Hilbert Scrambling to enhance the security and integrity of image watermarking without affecting visual quality degradation. Further conception of the surveyed methods could result in a very good solution to conventional methods of watermarking in solving some problems of digital image security and integrity with new concepts of quantum computing. Methods: The paper reviews Quantum Hilbert Scrambling, whose computational complexity is . The process involves encoding the image into a quantum state, permuting qubits by the Hilbert curve, and embedding a watermark using quantum gates. Result: The quantitative performance evaluation metrics, like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM), have shown high Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) values from 56.13 dB to 57.87 dB and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) from 0.9985 to 0.9990, correspondingly. This justifies the fact that the quality degradation is very slight and the fine details of the structure are well maintained. Novelty: The proposed method uniquely integrates quantum computing with traditional watermarking steps for a secure and effective approach in digital watermarking. Further development should focus on improving the quantum circuit regarding computation efficiency, extending the applicability of the method to a wide range of images, and various situations in watermarking, and finding hybrid approaches by combining quantum and classical approaches towards better performance and scalability.
Abstract The crazy, unconscious use of the Internet, and the increase in cybercrime and hacking, which resulted in the loss of a large number of sensitive data, the risk of piracy, etc. were the motivation for protecting rights, securing and hiding essential information such as images, audio, etc. Watermarking was a popular security, copyright and privacy approach and one of the problems in modern quantum digital computing that produced more powerful quantum protection techniques than the classical one that used classical techniques such as digital wavelet transformation and Hungarian algorithms. Recent advances in quantum image representation and processing help to manipulate data hidden. This paper proposes a new watermark technique in which a color watermark image is hidden within another color-carrying image after transformation into the quantum domain using the recently completed quantum color image representation technique. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed method and the most recent watermarking techniques is establish in terms of PSNR (peak signal-to-noise ratio), which shows the high precision of the proposed technique and improves the imperceptibility compared to the related schemes.
The protection of multimedia information against copying and tampering attacks by unauthorized parties is a challenge nowadays because of the tremendous increase in digital communications. Based on this, this paper presents a quantum blind image watermarking scheme incorporating Improved Novel Enhanced Representation (INEQR) for efficient image encoding, two-dimensional Quantum Discrete Cosine Transform (QDCT) frequency domain processing, and adaptive QIM for watermark embedding. The selection of watermarking parameters in this framework is carried out in a completely secure manner using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on BB84. Simulation work on 30 standard grayscale images shows the strong imperceptibility, achieving PSNR values in the range of 52–58 dB and SSIM values between 0.98 and 0.999. and a more than 95 percent accuracy level in watermark recovery under attacks such as noise, compression attacks, and geometric attacks, thus authenticating PSNR-52– 58 dB and SSIM-0.98–0.999. Robustness analysis performed against signal processing and geometric attacks indicates reliable extraction of watermarks, where the proposed framework attains an extraction accuracy of more than 95% under additive noise and filtering scenarios and moderate robustness against geometric attacks such as rotation and scaling. These indicate that the proposed framework is effective and provides imperceptible blind image watermarks based on the quantum approach.
This paper proposes a novel geometrically invariant quantum watermarking scheme using Quantum Error Correction (QEC) and Novel Enhanced Quantum Image Representation (NEQR). The Geometric Transformation-based Image Assembling (GTA) mechanism is proposed to reconstruct the quantum watermark image utilizing QEC principle. The proposed GTA mechanism involves Quantum Image Rotation (QIR) and Quantum Block Rotation (QBR), thus two corresponding quantum watermarking methods, GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR, are proposed and detailed quantum circuits with complexity O(n) are designed. Then the Quantum Majority Finder (QMF) is proposed for embedding the watermark uniformly. In the experiments, we employ dataset USC-SIPI to evaluate the visual quality and robustness of the proposed scheme. Comparisons with the recent quantum watermarking methods is conducted and the results show that our methods have a superior performance. When under attack of ’Salt and Pepper’ noise addition, the proposed GTA_QIR and GTA_QBR improve the average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) by 22.57% and 23.49% at a density of 0.05, while at a density of 0.1, the average improvement is 11.13% and 12.05% respectively. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first quantum watermarking scheme which demonstrates resistance to geometric attacks.
The protection of multimedia information against copying and tampering attacks by unauthorized parties is a challenge nowadays because of the tremendous increase in digital communications. Based on this, this paper presents a quantum blind image watermarking scheme incorporating Improved Novel Enhanced Representation (INEQR) for efficient image encoding, two-dimensional Quantum Discrete Cosine Transform (QDCT) frequency domain processing, and adaptive QIM for watermark embedding. The selection of watermarking parameters in this framework is carried out in a completely secure manner using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) based on BB84. Simulation work on 30 standard grayscale images shows the strong imperceptibility, achieving PSNR values in the range of 52–58 dB and SSIM values between 0.98 and 0.999. and a more than 95 percent accuracy level in watermark recovery under attacks such as noise, compression attacks, and geometric attacks, thus authenticating PSNR-52– 58 dB and SSIM-0.98–0.999. Robustness analysis performed against signal processing and geometric attacks indicates reliable extraction of watermarks, where the proposed framework attains an extraction accuracy of more than 95% under additive noise and filtering scenarios and moderate robustness against geometric attacks such as rotation and scaling. These indicate that the proposed framework is effective and provides imperceptible blind image watermarks based on the quantum approach.