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ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA

同位素原子饱和吸收谱稳频的拉曼激光方案

王玉平 WANG Yuping, 朱磊 ZHU Lei, 仲嘉琪 ZHONG Jiaqi, 王谨 WANG Jin, 李润兵 LI Runbing, 令维军 Ling Weijun

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

提出一种基于同位素原子饱和吸收谱稳频的拉曼激光方案，并应用于原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化。该方案使用同位素原子吸收泡代替现有拉曼光方案中的移频或调制光学器件，以实现拉曼激光的稳频和失谐，使光路和电路同时简化。针对85Rb原子干涉仪，87Rb原子D2线的饱和吸收谱被用于对拉曼激光进行稳频，稳频后的拉曼激光红失谐在GHz量级，线宽约为80 kHz。将该拉曼激光用于原子干涉仪获得了对比度为20%的干涉条纹，重力测量的灵敏度为345 μGal/Hz1/2。连续24 h重力测量数据的阿伦方差显示原子干涉仪的分辨率约为2×10-8g@7 500 s。该拉曼激光的频率噪声引起的单次重力测量噪声优于1 μGal，完全可以满足μGal量级的重力测量需求。该拉曼激光方案有助于推动原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化、轻量化和实用化。

DOI
10.3788/gzxb20245301.0114004

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提出一种基于同位素原子饱和吸收谱稳频的拉曼激光方案，并应用于原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化。该方案使用同位素原子吸收泡代替现有拉曼光方案中的移频或调制光学器件，以实现拉曼激光的稳频和失谐，使光路和电路同时简化。针对85Rb原子干涉仪，87Rb原子D2线的饱和吸收谱被用于对拉曼激光进行稳频，稳频后的拉曼激光红失谐在GHz量级，线宽约为80 kHz。将该拉曼激光用于原子干涉仪获得了对比度为20%的干涉条纹，重力测量的灵敏度为345 μGal/Hz1/2。连续24 h重力测量数据的阿伦方差显示原子干涉仪的分辨率约为2×10-8g@7 500 s。该拉曼激光的频率噪声引起的单次重力测量噪声优于1 μGal，完全可以满足μGal量级的重力测量需求。该拉曼激光方案有助于推动原子干涉仪激光系统的小型化、轻量化和实用化。
A compact laser system for a portable 87Rb atom interferometry gravimeter has been demonstrated in this work. This laser system is based on frequency doubling of a single seed laser at the wavelength of 1560 nm. The frequency of the seed laser is controlled by a digital unit with an analog feedback circuit. By using this frequency control method, the frequency of the laser system can be shifted over 1 GHz. Based on this method, the Raman frequency can be locked on the F = 3 → F′ = 4 transition of 85Rb atoms. Moreover, the Raman sideband and the repumping laser are generated by a phase modulator, and it can generate different laser frequencies to meet the requirements of a typical atom interferometer. Additional sidebands in the Raman beam produced from the phase modulator are optimized and reduced, allowing us to observe atom interference with a free evolution time of 320 ms. The control unit including the laser system has been integrated into a box with a volume of 1.5 m × 0.6 m × 0.6 m, and the weight of which is only 150 kg. Using this compact optical scheme, our atomic gravimeter has achieved a sensitivity of 53 μGal/Hz1/2 and a resolution of better than 1 μGal (1 μGal = 1 × 10−8 m/s2) in an integration time of 3000 s.
激光稳频是影响原子喷泉系统性能的关键技术。提出了一种应用于原子喷泉系统的激光稳频优化方案。该方案将激光冷却过程中采用的移频方法应用到稳频系统中，通过光纤电光调制的方法产生边带，并将频率锁定在边带的饱和吸收峰上。同时应用大光斑饱和吸收模块，改善饱和吸收信号和误差信号的信噪比。利用85Rb原子喷泉系统主光路的探测光，通过1.035 GHz的移频，实现从85Rb饱和吸收峰到87Rb饱和吸收峰的转移锁定，并在85Rb喷泉系统中观测到冷原子云信号。锁定后的信号可实现较长时间的稳定工作。该方案通过控制电光调制频率，还有望实现激光冷却实验范围内的任意频率锁定，具有重要的应用价值。
里德堡原子外差技术通过引入辅助本振场可以极大地提升探测灵敏度，在雷达、电子侦察和通信方面具有广阔的应用潜力。本文在一个2 cm长的室温铯原子气室中，利用相向传输的探测光（852 nm）和耦合光（509 nm）将铯原子激发至里德堡态，用于实现里德堡原子光学探测。实验中分别用喇叭天线和平行板波导作为谐振区和非谐振区的微波发射装置，利用里德堡原子外差技术，实现了谐振区2.63 GHz处最小场强为220.94 nV/cm和非谐振区300 MHz处最小场强为19 μV/cm的微波电场测量，测量灵敏度分别为-131.9（dBm/cm2）/Hz和-93.2（dBm/cm2）/Hz。原则上，通过调谐激光频率激发碱金属原子至不同的里德堡态，并结合谐振区和非谐振区里德堡原子对电场的不同响应，可以在宽带连续频谱范围内实现对微波电场的高灵敏度探测。
We perform a comparative study of the phase noise induced in the lasers used for Bragg diffraction in a Bose–Einstein condensate-based quantum gravimeter where the Bragg beams are generated using two different configurations. In one of the configurations, the Bragg beams that form the moving optical lattice are generated using two different acousto-optic modulators. In the second configuration, the Bragg beams are generated using a single acousto-optic modulator carrying two phase-locked frequencies. The second configuration shows a suppression of the phase noise by a factor of 4.7 times in the frequency band up to 10 kHz, the primary source of noise, which is the background acoustic noise picked up by optical components and the optical table. We report a short-term sensitivity of 1360μGal/Hz and upon integration over 200 s, achieve a resolution of 99.7 μGal for an interferometric duration of 10 ms.
长相干时间量子光源在量子通信、量子计算和量子精密测量等领域具有重要意义。然而，基于回音壁模式光学微腔实现长相干时间量子光源的研究尚未见报道。基于微棒腔中的自发四波混频理论，成功制备品质因子达7.1×107、自由光谱范围为22 GHz的玻璃棒微腔，并实验验证基于该微腔的量子关联光子对产生。通过对光子对进行关联测试，测得相干时间长达83 ns。该结果表明：基于玻璃棒微腔的长相干时间量子光源器件，为发展高性能量子信息技术提供重要的技术支撑。
We present a compact quantum gravimeter based on a grating magneto-optical trap using 87Rb atoms that achieves μGal-level long-term stability without passive vibration isolation. The sensor head integrates magnetic shielding, an ion pump, optical components, and a classical seismometer within a total volume of less than 75L. The gravimeter achieves a sensitivity of 270 μGal/Hz and a stability of 5 μGal at a 1-h average with the long-term gravity record in good agreement with the theoretical tidal model. These results demonstrate a field-deployable platform for portable and chip-integrable quantum gravimetry.