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Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics

Injection locking of Raman laser beams in cold atom interferometers

Ling Wang, Yao Zhanwei, Xiong Zong-yuan, Runbing Li, Wang Jin, Mingsheng Zhan

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Raman pulse sequences are generally used to coherently manipulate the atomic wave packet in an atom interferometer.High power Raman beams allow more atoms join in the velocity-sensitive stimulated Raman transition,and that will be helpful for obtaining high signal to noise ratio in atom interferometer fringe.Development of high power Raman laser is important for cold atom interferometer experiments.The experimental realization of high power Raman lasers are demonstrated based on injection locking technique. Master laser is modulated by a 1.5 GHz acousto-optical modulator,and the±1 order diffraction lights are used as seeding Raman lasers.The seeding lasers are injection locked to two slave lasers which are further amplified as Raman beams.The frequency difference of Raman beams is 3.0 GHz,and the detuning range is about 200 MHz.

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Raman pulse sequences are generally used to coherently manipulate the atomic wave packet in an atom interferometer.High power Raman beams allow more atoms join in the velocity-sensitive stimulated Raman transition,and that will be helpful for obtaining high signal to noise ratio in atom interferometer fringe.Development of high power Raman laser is important for cold atom interferometer experiments.The experimental realization of high power Raman lasers are demonstrated based on injection locking technique. Master laser is modulated by a 1.5 GHz acousto-optical modulator,and the±1 order diffraction lights are used as seeding Raman lasers.The seeding lasers are injection locked to two slave lasers which are further amplified as Raman beams.The frequency difference of Raman beams is 3.0 GHz,and the detuning range is about 200 MHz.
Two phase-coherent Raman laser beams with a frequency offset of 6.835 GHz were generated by sideband injection-locking technique. A master diode laser was phase-modulated at 6.835 GHz by a fiber electro-optic modulator. A slave diode was injection-locked to the -1 sideband of the phase-modulated beam, and another diode was locked to the master laser carrier. This method produced stable and spatially separated Raman lasers with a large frequency shift range (>180 MHz). The relative linewidth of these two beams was ∼1 Hz, and the unwanted carrier mode was suppressed down to -24 dB. Stimulated Raman transitions and Ramsey fringes were driven by Raman lasers in a cold atomic beam.
We produced two Raman-laser beams with a frequency offset of 6.834GHz by injection-locking of a master diode-laser to a slave diode-laser. The master laser was phase-modulated at 6.834 GHz with an Electro-Optic Modulator and then injected into the slave laser that was oscillating around one of the side-bands. The relative linewidth of the two lasers was less than 1 Hz. Utilizing these laser beams, we realized the coherent manipulation of atomic wave packets in a Mach-Zehnder type atom interferometry.
We produced two Raman-laser beams with a frequency offset of 9.2 GHz by injection-locking of a master diode-laser to a slave diode-laser. The master laser was phase-modulated at 9.2 GHz while the laser beam passed through an electrooptic modulator. The phase-modulated beam was injected into the slave laser that was oscillating around one of the side-bands of the master laser. The relative linewidth of the two lasers was less than 10 Hz. Using these laser beams, coherent population trapping resonance of cesium atoms was observed for the purpose of testing the phase-coherence of the laser beams.
Light shift produced by the AC Stark effect is one of the major factors limiting the accuracy and long-term stability of a cold atom interferometer. The first order light shift can be canceled by fixing the power ratio of the Raman beams at a specified value. We report here a new method to stabilize the power ratio of the two Raman lasers with ∼100 kHz locking bandwidth, suppressing the effect of the first order light shift. We first mixed the two Raman lasers (at different optical frequencies) with a reference beam and then used two Schottky diode detectors to extract the corresponding beat note signals for each beam, which are much easier to be manipulated and processed as they are in the microwave band. The stability of the power ratio is improved by three orders of magnitude from 5.84 × 10−3 to 3.51 × 10−6 at 1 s averaging time and reaches 1.59 × 10−7 at 10 000 s integrating time when the servo loop is engaged. This method can be used in other precise quantum measurement based on the stimulated Raman transition and can be applied to compact inertial sensors.
We describe the injection locking of two infrared (794 nm) laser diodes that are each part of a frequency-doubled laser system. An acousto-optic modulator in the injection path gives an offset of 1.6 GHz between the lasers for driving Raman transitions between states in the hyperfine split (by 3.2 GHz) ground level of 43Ca+. The offset can be disabled for use in 40Ca+. We measure the relative linewidth of the frequency-doubled beams to be 42 mHz in an optical heterodyne measurement. The use of both injection locking and frequency doubling combines spectral purity with high optical power. Our scheme is applicable for providing Raman beams across other ion species and neutral atoms where coherent optical manipulation is required.