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IET Quantum Communication

Multi‐hop joint remote state preparation of general hybrid entangled multi‐qudit states via distinct Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen channels

Zongyi Li, Yuzhen Wei, Min Jiang

Published Jan 27, 2024• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Joint Remote State Preparation provides a useful way to securely transfer the known quantum states to the distant nodes. However, the limitation of resources often leads to the quantum channels constructed by distributed entangled pairs being incompatible with the transmitted states. In order to overcome this problem, a novel Joint Remote State Preparation protocol was proposed for transmitting general multi‐qudit states over quantum networks, providing a promising pathway to utilise the available Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) channels with different levels. Several scenarios under noisy environments were discussed and some properties of the fidelity when transmitting the multi‐qudit state were demonstrated. It was demonstrated that both the prepared state and the kind of the noises could restrict the number of the participant nodes. Our scheme leverages the existing quantum resources, which addresses the issue of insufficient entanglement resources. This approach is easily adaptable to other quantum network structures, offering a potential solution for constructing a universal quantum network.

DOI
10.1049/qtc2.12084

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Abstract Joint Remote State Preparation provides a useful way to securely transfer the known quantum states to the distant nodes. However, the limitation of resources often leads to the quantum channels constructed by distributed entangled pairs being incompatible with the transmitted states. In order to overcome this problem, a novel Joint Remote State Preparation protocol was proposed for transmitting general multi‐qudit states over quantum networks, providing a promising pathway to utilise the available Einstein‐Podolsky‐Rosen (EPR) channels with different levels. Several scenarios under noisy environments were discussed and some properties of the fidelity when transmitting the multi‐qudit state were demonstrated. It was demonstrated that both the prepared state and the kind of the noises could restrict the number of the participant nodes. Our scheme leverages the existing quantum resources, which addresses the issue of insufficient entanglement resources. This approach is easily adaptable to other quantum network structures, offering a potential solution for constructing a universal quantum network.
Quantum teleportation (QT) provides a useful way to securely transfer unknown quantum state between distant nodes without physically sending the states themselves. In this paper, we present a teleportation scheme of the most general hybrid multi-qudit state via EPR pairs with different dimensions in the chain network. In this structure, the EPR channels shared between neighbor nodes could be distinct, which means that the shared EPR pairs could be different in dimension and the parameters with each other, demonstrating a universality scenario in realistic transmission. In addition, we discuss the condition that can ensure the integrity of the transmitted information with available channel resource, and our scheme could provide a method to solve the resemble problem in the construction of future quantum network.
Abstract Multiparty‐controlled joint remote state preparation (MCJRSP) enables multiple senders to jointly prepare an arbitrary state for a distant receiver via the control of multiple agents within a quantum network. The multipartite Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) state is commonly employed as a key resource in MCJRSP protocols. However, the depth requirements of unitary circuits for GHZ state preparation and the unreliable long‐distance distribution of GHZ states limit the practical applications of these MCJRSP tasks under current conditions. To overcome these limitations, a practical MCJRSP scheme is presented for remotely preparing arbitrary single‐particle state without GHZ states. This scheme is further extended to remote preparation of arbitrary multi‐particle state. The performance of the protocol is analyzed under certain types of noise, and compare it with existing GHZ‐state‐based protocols. The results indicate that the protocol exhibits superior robustness under noisy conditions when preparing multi‐particle states. Moreover, it requires fewer quantum resources and does not necessitate classical communication. Additionally, the protocol offers a unique advantage: it can tolerate an arbitrary number of non‐responsive agents. This study provides a more feasible and efficient approach for realizing MCJRSP in long‐distance quantum communication networks.
Abstract The combination of quantum communication technology and wireless networks brings a flexible and secure communication method that adapts to a more complex and open network environment. A new multi‐hop teleportation scheme is investigated for transferring arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states between two distant parties. Based on a more general quantum routing protocol, intermediate nodes are introduced and linked with each other via d ‐level entangled Greenberger‐Horne‐Zeilinger states as quantum channels. In this multi‐hop teleportation protocol, the source node and all the intermediate nodes can perform the entanglement measurement and transmit the measurement results simultaneously, thus reducing the time consumption largely. Furthermore, a general matrix formula is derived between the measurement results and the receiver's state, which enables the receiver to restore the unknown state efficiently. Compared with previous multi‐hop teleportation protocols, the teleportation protocol of arbitrary unknown multi‐qudit states of the authors can transfer more information, and it demonstrates lower computational complexity and higher flexibility.
In this work, a useful protocol for deterministic joint remote preparation of an arbitrary three-qubit state using only Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen pairs is put forward. Our protocol, in clear contrast with a previous one, works for a receiver who, due to limited local equipments, is unable to carry out any measurements and controlled-NOT gates as well as to send classical communication. Therefore, the practical merit of our protocol is that it is applicable to situations in which the receiver has insufficient resource to meet the demand.
Known quantum pure states of a qudit can be remotely prepared onto a group of particles of qubits exactly or probabilistically with the aid of two-level Einstein--Podolsky--Rosen states. We present a protocol for such kind of remote state preparation. We are mainly focused on the remote preparation of the ensembles of equatorial states and those of states in real Hilbert space. In particular, a kind of states of qudits in real Hilbert space have been shown to be remotely prepared in faith without the limitation of the input space dimension.
In this paper we propose a new algorithm for secret key sharing by utilizing quantum entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state. This algorithm is used when two parties do not share an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair but one wishes to transmit a secret key to the other. In order to successfully accomplish this process, a third party who shares an EPR pair with both parties will help them build a new EPR pair. The new EPR pair will be used between the sender and the receiver to remotely prepare a quantum state. This process will provide a secure way to share secret keys between the two parties who do not share EPR pairs. Furthermore, the process doesn't require sending any physical quantum state, instead the sender prepares a known state and sends only one classical bit to the receiver to help build an intended quantum state.