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IEEE Long Island Systems, Applications and Technology Conference (LISAT)

Secret key sharing using entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state

Muneer Alshowkan, Khaled M. Elleithy

Published May 1, 2014• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we propose a new algorithm for secret key sharing by utilizing quantum entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state. This algorithm is used when two parties do not share an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair but one wishes to transmit a secret key to the other. In order to successfully accomplish this process, a third party who shares an EPR pair with both parties will help them build a new EPR pair. The new EPR pair will be used between the sender and the receiver to remotely prepare a quantum state. This process will provide a secure way to share secret keys between the two parties who do not share EPR pairs. Furthermore, the process doesn't require sending any physical quantum state, instead the sender prepares a known state and sends only one classical bit to the receiver to help build an intended quantum state.

DOI
10.1109/lisat.2014.6845215

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In this paper we propose a new algorithm for secret key sharing by utilizing quantum entanglement swapping and remote preparation of quantum state. This algorithm is used when two parties do not share an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair but one wishes to transmit a secret key to the other. In order to successfully accomplish this process, a third party who shares an EPR pair with both parties will help them build a new EPR pair. The new EPR pair will be used between the sender and the receiver to remotely prepare a quantum state. This process will provide a secure way to share secret keys between the two parties who do not share EPR pairs. Furthermore, the process doesn't require sending any physical quantum state, instead the sender prepares a known state and sends only one classical bit to the receiver to help build an intended quantum state.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping. Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party. In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver. The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver. This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping.Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled.Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party.In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key.Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver.The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver.This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particles sequence according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
We present a quantum secure direct communication scheme achieved by swapping quantum entanglement. In this scheme a set of ordered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs is used as a quantum information channel for sending secret messages directly. After insuring the safety of the quantum channel, the sender Alice encodes the secret messages directly by applying a series local operations on her particle sequences according to their stipulation. Using three EPR pairs, three bits of secret classical information can be faithfully transmitted from Alice to remote Bob without revealing any information to a potential eavesdropper. By both Alice and Bob's GHZ state measurement results, Bob is able to read out the encoded secret messages directly. The protocol is completely secure if perfect quantum channel is used, because there is not a transmission of the qubits carrying the secret message between Alice and Bob in the public channel.
We present a quantum secure direct communication protocol and a multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol based on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs and entanglement swapping. The present quantum secure direct communication protocol makes use of the ideal of block transmission. We also point out that the sender can encode his or her secret message without ensuring the security of the quantum channel firstly. In the multiparty quantum secret sharing protocol, the communication parties adopt checking mode or encoding mode with a certain probability. It is not necessary for the protocol to perform local unitary operation. In both the protocols, one party transmits only one photon for each Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair to another party and the security for the transmitting photons is ensured by selecting Z-basis or X-basis randomly to measure the sampling photons.
Classical secret sharing proposed by Shamir used classical computational power in classical cryptography to achieve secret key sharing, but with the advent of quantum systems, computational power can be overruled. To ensure a secure secret sharing scheme independent of computational power, a scheme independent of computational complexity is needed to achieve security. This paper will provide a protocol dependent on inherent secure nature of quantum cryptography (quantum no cloning theorem and quantum measurement rule). A secure multiparty quantum secret sharing scheme has been proposed to ensure that no one can eavesdrop or extract any share of the secret message via inherent security provided by quantum entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation. Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Whereas, Quantum teleportation allows a party to send a qubit to another entangled party without sending the qubit over the channel. Moreover, in order to ensure security against possible active attacks, sender himself will generate and distribute EPR pairs to be used in the scheme. Result will be a secure multiparty QSS scheme which will be secure against internal and external eavesdropping, masquerading and brute-force attacks.