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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

宽带光电探测器的仿真分析与实验研究

刘惠 Hui LIU, 张卓 Zhuo ZHANG, 凌志强 Zhi-qiang LING, 刘建丽 Jian-li LIU

Published Jan 1, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

宽带光电探测器广泛应用于量子光学和快速量子信息处理实验系统中。本文介绍了一种基于跨阻放大电路的宽带光电探测器, 详细分析了光电探测器的等效噪声模型, 理论上给出了光电探测器的电子学噪声和信号噪声输出特性; 作为比对分析, 同步建立了探测器的PSpice软件仿真模型, 分析了运算放大器的电压噪声、电流噪声以及寄生电容等参数对光电探测器性能的影响。在理论和仿真分析的基础上, 利用增益带宽积为3.9 GHz的低噪声运算放大器OPA847研制了宽带光电探测器, 光电探测器在分析频率100 MHz内的噪声功率谱线比较平坦, -3dB带宽约为110 MHz。

DOI
10.3788/jqo20232901.0201

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宽带光电探测器广泛应用于量子光学和快速量子信息处理实验系统中。本文介绍了一种基于跨阻放大电路的宽带光电探测器, 详细分析了光电探测器的等效噪声模型, 理论上给出了光电探测器的电子学噪声和信号噪声输出特性; 作为比对分析, 同步建立了探测器的PSpice软件仿真模型, 分析了运算放大器的电压噪声、电流噪声以及寄生电容等参数对光电探测器性能的影响。在理论和仿真分析的基础上, 利用增益带宽积为3.9 GHz的低噪声运算放大器OPA847研制了宽带光电探测器, 光电探测器在分析频率100 MHz内的噪声功率谱线比较平坦, -3dB带宽约为110 MHz。
We experimentally determine the absolute frequencies and hyperfine splittings of the 6s6p 3P0,2 − 6s7s 3S1 transitions of ultracold 171Yb atoms in an optical lattice. A frequency comb referenced to an ultrastable optical cavity is used to measure the electric-dipole transition frequencies. With the normalized shelving detection technique, about 12 MHz and 10 MHz linewidth of atomic spectra are obtained, respectively, which is some greater than the natural linewidth of 1.5 MHz and 5.9 MHz and is limited by the broadening from the probe and lattice light. By reference to our 171Yb 6 s2 1S0 − 6s6p 3P0 clock, the absolute frequencies are found to be 461861338.03 (0.21) MHz and 461871596.07 (0.31) MHz for the 6s6p 3P0 − 6s7s 3S1 (F = 1/2 and F = 3/2) transitions, which are more accurate than the previous measurement by one order of magnitude. For the 6s6p 3P2 (F = 3/2 and F = 5/2) − 6s7s 3S1 (F = 1/2 and F = 3/2) transitions, the measured frequencies are 389257019.71 (0.65) MHz, 389267277.10 (0.37) MHz and 389260569.95 (0.89) MHz, respectively, which are the first measurements to our knowledge. Furthermore, the hyperfine constants for the 6s6p 3P2 and 6s7s 3S1 states are determined to be 2682.86(0.38) MHz and 6838.69(0.25) MHz, both of which agree well with other recent experimental results.
激光稳频是影响原子喷泉系统性能的关键技术。提出了一种应用于原子喷泉系统的激光稳频优化方案。该方案将激光冷却过程中采用的移频方法应用到稳频系统中，通过光纤电光调制的方法产生边带，并将频率锁定在边带的饱和吸收峰上。同时应用大光斑饱和吸收模块，改善饱和吸收信号和误差信号的信噪比。利用85Rb原子喷泉系统主光路的探测光，通过1.035 GHz的移频，实现从85Rb饱和吸收峰到87Rb饱和吸收峰的转移锁定，并在85Rb喷泉系统中观测到冷原子云信号。锁定后的信号可实现较长时间的稳定工作。该方案通过控制电光调制频率，还有望实现激光冷却实验范围内的任意频率锁定，具有重要的应用价值。
Highly excitedPandDstates in87Rb were examined using a two-step excitation procedure. A conventional rf lamp and a CW dye laser were used for the first and second step, respectively. The following results for the magnetic dipole interaction constanta, the electric quadrupole interaction constantb, the LandégJfactor, and the tensor polarizability α2were obtained in level-crossing and optical-double-resonance experiments: 92P3/2:a= 4.05(3) MHz,b=0.55(3) MHz,gJ= 1.3335(15) 102P3/2:a= 2.60(8) MHz,gJ= 1.3332(20) 82D3/2:a= 2.840(15) MHz,b= 0.17(2) MHz 82D5/2:a= -1.20(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1998(15) 92D3/2:a= 1.900(10) MHz,b= 0.11(3) MHz 92D5/2:a= (-)0.80(15) MHz,gJ= 1.1995(15), α2= 180.3(9.0) MHz/(kV/cm)2 Many-body calculations of the hyperfine structure of Rb have been performed. The polarization effect is included to all orders, whereas the correlation effect is omitted. The negativeafactors for the2D5/2states, indicating large perturbations, are explained by the polarization contribution. A review of experimental hyperfine interaction constants, LandégJfactors and tensor polarizabilities for rubidium is given together with theoretical values of theafactors. The quadrupole moment for87Rb is obtained from thebfactors for the2P3/2and2D3/2states, using quadrupole parameters from the many-body calculations. The correlation effect is included in a semi-empirical way.
长相干时间量子光源在量子通信、量子计算和量子精密测量等领域具有重要意义。然而，基于回音壁模式光学微腔实现长相干时间量子光源的研究尚未见报道。基于微棒腔中的自发四波混频理论，成功制备品质因子达7.1×107、自由光谱范围为22 GHz的玻璃棒微腔，并实验验证基于该微腔的量子关联光子对产生。通过对光子对进行关联测试，测得相干时间长达83 ns。该结果表明：基于玻璃棒微腔的长相干时间量子光源器件，为发展高性能量子信息技术提供重要的技术支撑。
我們建立了一套 885 nm 穩頻雷射系統，透過電光調製器光纖，將雷射鎖在銫原子6S1/2 F=3到6D3/2 F=5的交叉譜線上，掃描銫原子6S1/2 F=4 到6D3/2 F=2,3,4,5的躍遷;同樣地，我們將雷射鎖在銫原子6S1/2 F=4 到6D3/2 F=3的交叉譜線上，掃描銫原子6S1/2 F=3到6D3/2 F=2,3,4,5的躍遷，藉此便可得到銫原子6D 3/2的超精細結構。此次我們所量得的 6S 1/2 F=3 到6D 3/2 F=2,3,4,5的躍遷間距分別為，81.767(29) MHz、65.315(19) MHz、49.148(23) MHz，其超精細耦合常數 A 與 B 分別為 16.346(2)、0.058(17)；S 1/2 F=4 到6D3/2 F=2,3,4,5的躍遷間距分別為， 81.763(17) MHz、65.320(19) MHz、49.149(3) MHz，其超精細耦合常數 A 與 B 分別為 16.331(3)、0.067(16)。 建立 885 nm 穩頻雷射的另一個目的是為了作為光梳雷射的參考頻率，透過我們實驗室的 822 nm 穩頻雷射，與此次我們所建立的885 nm 穩頻雷射，便可回授控制鈦藍寶石雷射的腔長，鎖住脈衝重覆率，以及回授控制AOM，鎖住鈦藍寶石雷射的偏移頻率，便可得到一穩定之光梳雷射。將頻率鎖在銫原子6S-8S躍遷(822 nm)與6S-6D躍遷(885 nm)的光梳頻雷射，其短期頻率穩定度優於以銫原子鐘做為參考的自參考光梳雷射。
本文理论分析和实验测量研究了微波相位噪声对里德堡原子天线微波混频信号的影响。通过研究微波混频信号的相位噪声项,建立在信号场中加入相位噪声后微波混频信号强度变化的理论模拟图。实验基于室温铯原子气室中里德堡原子电磁感应透明光谱,实现里德堡原子|64S1/2?→|64P1/2?态的电偶极跃迁,得到频率13.806 057 GHz与13.806 000 GHz的微波场混频信号。同时,对混频信号强度的参数依赖关系进行研究。经实验发现,基于里德堡原子天线微波混频信号强度与参考场的功率有关,优化功率参数条件下,参考场可以实现约20dB的混频信号增强;当参考场调控里德堡原子达到微波混频效率最大时,在信号场中加入相位噪声,会导致混频信号强度的显著降低。