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Acta Optica Sinica

基于R‑C耦合跨阻设计的1 kHz~200 MHz宽带平衡零拍探测器

王少锋 Wang Shaofeng, 刘宣泽 Liu Xuanze, 李汉卿 Li Hanqing, 李康康 Li Kangkang, 董瑞芳 Dong Ruifang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

通过分析平衡零拍探测器的噪声来源，采用电阻-电容（R-C）耦合跨阻电路方案并优化跨阻放大电路结构，实现了一种低噪声、高共模抑制比的宽带平衡零拍探测器，工作带宽为1 kHz~200 MHz。当光功率为8 mW的 1550 nm激光入射时：在5 kHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高12 dB，共模抑制比达到70 dB；在100 MHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高20 dB，共模抑制比达到66 dB。该探测器可以为低频引力波探测、高速连续变量量子密钥分发和高速量子随机数发生器等应用提供高性能的探测工具。

DOI
10.3788/aos221746

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通过分析平衡零拍探测器的噪声来源，采用电阻-电容（R-C）耦合跨阻电路方案并优化跨阻放大电路结构，实现了一种低噪声、高共模抑制比的宽带平衡零拍探测器，工作带宽为1 kHz~200 MHz。当光功率为8 mW的 1550 nm激光入射时：在5 kHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高12 dB，共模抑制比达到70 dB；在100 MHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高20 dB，共模抑制比达到66 dB。该探测器可以为低频引力波探测、高速连续变量量子密钥分发和高速量子随机数发生器等应用提供高性能的探测工具。
平衡零拍探测技术是测量压缩态量子噪声的主要方法之一，通过光电二极管阵列和多路并行电感-电容（L-C）耦合跨阻的方式，实现了一种低噪声、高信噪比的多像素平衡零拍探测器，探测器的工作带宽为5 MHz。每一个像素通道中，光功率为1.66 mW的815 nm激光入射时，散粒噪声功率在2 MHz分析频率处比电子学噪声高23 dB。当光强分布在所有像素通道时，各通道散粒噪声功率和入射光强成正比，验证了探测器可以实现多通道并行的平衡零拍探测。该探测器可实现量子光学频率梳的频谱可分辨平衡零拍探测，为量子光学频率梳在量子精密测量领域的应用提供高性能的探测工具。
The dominant technical noise of a free-running laser practically limits bright squeezed light generation, particularly within the MHz band. To overcome this, we develop a comprehensive theoretical model for nonclassical power stabilization, and propose a novel bright squeezed light generation scheme incorporating hybrid power noise suppression. Our approach integrates broadband passive power stabilization with nonclassical active stabilization, extending the feedback bandwidth to MHz frequencies. This hybrid technique achieves an additional 9 dB technical noise suppression, establishing critical prerequisites for broadband bright squeezed light generation. Finally, a -5.5 dB bright squeezed light at 1 mW with kHz-MHz squeezing bandwidth was generated. The experimental results show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions, which represent we have comprehensively demonstrated a milliwatt-order bright squeezed light across kHz-MHz frequencies. Our work enables new quantum metrology applications and paves the way for next-generation quantum-enhanced technologies. Nonclassical hybrid passive-active power stabilization enables milliwatt-level bright squeezing across kHz-MHz band.
正交压缩态的压缩方向与经典通信中的正交幅度调制兼容，因此基于正交压缩的量子通信协议更容易实现实用化和商用化。为此，在实验上制备了对应于光纤通信窗口的200 MHz宽带正交压缩态光场。首先，制作了腔长为8 mm的光学参量放大器，其半峰全宽达到210 MHz。然后，研制了1~300 MHz的低噪声平衡零拍探测器，其共模抑制比可以达到50 dB。最后，在1.3 μm波长处获得了带宽为200 MHz的宽带压缩态光场，这为开展高速量子通信提供了必要的量子光源。
时域平衡零拍探测器可以直接探测脉冲信号光场的正交分量，是连续变量量子密钥分发系统中的关键器件。本文介绍了一种新型时域平衡零拍探测器，充分利用了级联光电二极管中每个光电二极管两端产生的光电流信号，不仅能够测量信号光场的正交分量，同时还可以实时监测本振光功率并产生与本振光同频率的时钟信号。实验中，在1 MHz的重复速率下，探测器可输出共模抑制比达75 dB，信噪比为13.50 dB散粒噪声信号；同时产生与本振光同频的时钟信号，并输出与本振光功率具有良好线性关系的直流电压值，增益为2.52×10-7 V/光子，残差平方和为2.51×10-4 V2。该探测器可显著降低连续变量量子密钥分发系统接收端的复杂度，能有效避免因分束器的分束比变化而产生的安全漏洞，增强了系统的实际安全性。
We have demonstrated a packaged Silicon photon pair source. The spiral silicon waveguide source is 500 nm x 220 nm x 2 cm long and was packaged with input/output optical fibers enabling turn-key generation of photon pairs by connecting the input optical fiber to a telecommunication grade laser. In this work, we experimentally characterized the generation of bi-photons by spontaneous four-wave mixing in the Silicon waveguide. The insertion loss of the chip, after packaging, was measured to be approximately 15 dB (3 dB/facet, waveguide propagation loss of less than 1.5 dB/cm, 6 dB from splitters sequence). We investigated the phase matching of the source by wavelength tuning the 1 nm bandpass filters and found that the generated bi-photons have a half-bandwidth of 10 nm about the pump wavelength. We investigate pulse pumping using an actively mode-locked fiber laser with a 500 MHz repetition rate, pulse duration of approximately 30 ps and peak pulse power of 400 mW. Excitation of the pulsed source with a power of 1.4 mW through the chip generated 300 kHz coincidence rates after passing the chip’s output through a series of spectral bandpass filters (-1.4 db in channel 1 and -2.4 dB in channel 2 of filter loss and approximately 85 % efficiency of the detectors: inferred on-chip pair generation rate of 58 MHz). We also investigate two sources with 6 mW of continuous-wave pump power to generate 1550 nm bi-photons, generating 6.0 kHz coincidence rates (inferred on-chip pair generation rate of 2.3 MHz).
We present a simple design for a single-element balanced detector (BD) that utilizes optical fibers in the sensing and reference channels with path length differences set to detect the differential signal at a desired frequency. With this approach, we easily achieve a common-mode rejection ratio of 65 dB, corresponding to the shot-noise limit of our setup. The CMRR demonstration is made in the MHz frequency range but could be extended to the kHz or GHz range. Using a single detector, the BD achieves stable CMRR over extended periods and does not require careful matching of detectors and amplification electronics. We demonstrate the single-element balanced detector design using the optical Kerr effect induced by a 30 MHz pulsed laser, showing a significant improvement over similar experiments using a commercial balanced detector.