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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

高性能GHz带宽平衡零拍探测器的研制

段放世 Fangshi DUAN, 李超 Chao LI, 索普一 Puyi SUO, Zhongzhong Qin

Published Jan 1, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

高带宽、高共模抑制比的平衡零拍探测器在高速量子通信、宽带压缩光和纠缠光探测、宽带量子精密测量等领域具有重要应用价值。本文研制了一款GHz带宽、高共模抑制比和交直流分开的平衡零拍探测器。通过使用射频运放芯片,在1550 nm波段探测器的带宽可达1 GHz,最高信噪比为12 dB。通过将两个光电二极管分别对称放置于PCB的正反两侧,该探测器在20 MHz处获得了60.65 dB的共模抑制比。随后,使用该平衡零拍探测器测量1550 nm正交振幅压缩态光场的压缩度,在带宽3.5 MHz~71.5 MHz范围内观测到了最高−2.5 dB压缩。研究结果表明,该高带宽、高共模抑制比的平衡零拍探测器在宽带压缩光探测方面具有潜在应用价值。

DOI
10.3788/jqo20253101.0201

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高带宽、高共模抑制比的平衡零拍探测器在高速量子通信、宽带压缩光和纠缠光探测、宽带量子精密测量等领域具有重要应用价值。本文研制了一款GHz带宽、高共模抑制比和交直流分开的平衡零拍探测器。通过使用射频运放芯片,在1550 nm波段探测器的带宽可达1 GHz,最高信噪比为12 dB。通过将两个光电二极管分别对称放置于PCB的正反两侧,该探测器在20 MHz处获得了60.65 dB的共模抑制比。随后,使用该平衡零拍探测器测量1550 nm正交振幅压缩态光场的压缩度,在带宽3.5 MHz~71.5 MHz范围内观测到了最高−2.5 dB压缩。研究结果表明,该高带宽、高共模抑制比的平衡零拍探测器在宽带压缩光探测方面具有潜在应用价值。
固态量子比特(如超导、半导体等)主要工作于微波(GHz)频段。然而,该频段的量子信号在室温环境下存在较大的损耗,难以实现长距离传输,这一技术难题也是未来部署分布式量子计算、量子计算网络的重要瓶颈。将微波频段量子信号转换为光学频段(尤其是光通信波段)的量子换能器是解决该瓶颈问题的重要方案之一。近年来,光力学量子换能器因其具有低噪声、大带宽、高效率的发展潜力,且易于大规模芯片集成,成为量子换能器领域的研究热点。首先,系统综述了光力学量子换能器的基本原理与关键性能指标,包括转换效率、带宽、附加噪声与品质因子等,分析其物理机制与参数之间的制约关系;随后,重点梳理了薄膜型、光声晶体(OMC)型、体声波谐振器(BAR)型与微盘型这四种换能器的主要研究进展,分别评述其实现原理、性能水平及发展瓶颈;最后,针对量子换能器领域面临的重大挑战,对其未来发展方向进行了展望,包括协同度优化、低噪声和宽带工作能力、异质结构与新材料引入以及系统级优化设计等。该研究成果可为从事光力学量子换能器研究或对相关领域感兴趣的科研人员提供参考。
通过分析平衡零拍探测器的噪声来源,采用电阻-电容(R-C)耦合跨阻电路方案并优化跨阻放大电路结构,实现了一种低噪声、高共模抑制比的宽带平衡零拍探测器,工作带宽为1 kHz~200 MHz。当光功率为8 mW的 1550 nm激光入射时:在5 kHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高12 dB,共模抑制比达到70 dB;在100 MHz分析频率处散粒噪声功率比电子学噪声功率高20 dB,共模抑制比达到66 dB。该探测器可以为低频引力波探测、高速连续变量量子密钥分发和高速量子随机数发生器等应用提供高性能的探测工具。
正交压缩态的压缩方向与经典通信中的正交幅度调制兼容,因此基于正交压缩的量子通信协议更容易实现实用化和商用化。为此,在实验上制备了对应于光纤通信窗口的200 MHz宽带正交压缩态光场。首先,制作了腔长为8 mm的光学参量放大器,其半峰全宽达到210 MHz。然后,研制了1~300 MHz的低噪声平衡零拍探测器,其共模抑制比可以达到50 dB。最后,在1.3 μm波长处获得了带宽为200 MHz的宽带压缩态光场,这为开展高速量子通信提供了必要的量子光源。
We report the generation of squeezed vacuum states of light at 1550 nm with a broadband quantum noise reduction of up to 4.8 dB ranging from 5 MHz to 1.2 GHz sideband frequency. We used a custom-designed 2.6 mm long biconvex periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. It featured reflectively coated end surfaces, 2.26 GHz of linewidth and generated the squeezing via optical parametric amplification. Two homodyne detectors with different quantum efficiencies and bandwidths were used to characterize the non-classical noise suppression. We measured squeezing values of up to 4.8 dB from 5 to 100 MHz and up to 3 dB from 100 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The squeezed vacuum measurements were limited by detection loss. We propose an improved detection scheme to measure up to 10 dB squeezing over 1 GHz. Our results of GHz bandwidth squeezed light generation provide new prospects for high-speed quantum key distribution.
平衡零拍探测技术是测量压缩态量子噪声的主要方法之一,通过光电二极管阵列和多路并行电感-电容(L-C)耦合跨阻的方式,实现了一种低噪声、高信噪比的多像素平衡零拍探测器,探测器的工作带宽为5 MHz。每一个像素通道中,光功率为1.66 mW的815 nm激光入射时,散粒噪声功率在2 MHz分析频率处比电子学噪声高23 dB。当光强分布在所有像素通道时,各通道散粒噪声功率和入射光强成正比,验证了探测器可以实现多通道并行的平衡零拍探测。该探测器可实现量子光学频率梳的频谱可分辨平衡零拍探测,为量子光学频率梳在量子精密测量领域的应用提供高性能的探测工具。
We report the generation of squeezed vacuum states of light at 1550 nm with a broadband quantum noise reduction of up to 4.8 dB ranging from 5 MHz to 1.2 GHz sideband frequency. We used a custom-designed 2.6 mm long biconvex periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) crystal. It featured reflectively coated end surfaces, 2.26 GHz of linewidth and generated the squeezing via optical parametric amplification. Two homodyne detectors with different quantum efficiencies and bandwidths were used to characterize the non-classical noise suppression. We measured squeezing values of up to 4.8 dB from 5 to 100 MHz and up to 3 dB from 100 MHz to 1.2 GHz. The squeezed vacuum measurements were limited by detection loss. We propose an improved detection scheme to measure up to 10 dB squeezing over 1 GHz. Our results of GHz bandwidth squeezed light generation provide new prospects for high-speed quantum key distribution.