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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Frequency Stabilization For The Faraday Laser Operating on Rb 780 nm Transition

Zijie Liu, Xiaomin Qin, Tiantian Shi, Anhong Dang, Jingbiao Chen

Published May 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs57587.2023.10272071

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SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.

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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters•May 1, 2023•9 citations
SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.
SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.
The transmission spectrum of Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) corresponds to atomic transition lines and VADOF has a smaller size and simpler structure than Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). We investigate the transmission spectrum of VADOF under different magnetic fields, temperatures and laser intensities. The results show that as the magnetic field increases, the transmittance of VAODF transmission spectrum decreases. At low temperatures, the transmittance of VAODF transmission spectrum becomes larger with the increase of temperature. With the increase of laser intensity, the transmission spectrum of VAODF becomes smoother, and the number of peaks becomes fewer. VADOF can be used as a frequency-selective element to build external-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), which automatically align the laser frequency to the atomic transition lines and are more compact than Faraday lasers.
The study of atomic physics has been greatly influenced by the development of high-stability diode lasers whose output corresponds to the atomic transition. Recently, an atomic filter laser “Faraday laser” shines on stage, owing to its great robustness to the fluctuation of the diode parameters and potentially higher tolerance to vibration. However, cost reduction and portability require the Faraday laser to have a more compact structure. Here, we report on the development of a promising atomic filter laser—a “Voigt laser”—using a Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) as the frequency-selective element, which has a structural advantage in miniaturization. The influencing factors toward the VADOF are investigated in detail to produce a parameter set for the best performance of a Voigt laser. In this case, the Voigt laser has great robustness to the fluctuation in the diode current and temperature, where the wavelength fluctuation is ±0.5 pm with the variation of the diode parameters (diode current: 73–150 mA and diode temperature: 12–30 °C). In addition, the wavelength of the Voigt laser fluctuates about ± 0.5 pm for 48-h free-running operation and shows excellent reproducibility without manual adjustment. The laser system developed here provides a stable and reliable laser source for substantially improving existing technologies such as the atomic clock, electromagnetically induced transparency, and laser cooling of atoms.
We demonstrate a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating on 5S(1/2)-6P(3/2) transition at 420 nm with a 5 cm long cell of 96.5% enriched 87Rb and measure the transmission as a function of the magnetic field and temperature. The isotope 87Rb FADOF achieves a peak transmission of 98% with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz when the temperature of the isotope 87Rb cell is 280°C and the magnetic field is 500 G. The corresponding equivalent noise bandwidth is 5.9 GHz. The isotope 87Rb FADOF is applied to submarine communications, is used as the laser frequency stabilization for some atomic lines, and is also used as the pump laser in four-level Rb active optical clock.
We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications.
Using laser cooling technology, we demonstrate an ultranarrow-bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) which operates on the52S1/25^{2}\text{S}_{1/2}52S1/2​(F=2F = 2F=2) to62P3/26^{2}\text{P}_{3/2}62P3/2​(F′=3F' = 3F′=3) transition at 420 nm based on cold 87Rb atoms. The filter achieves a single 2.7(2) MHz passband at a peak transmission of 3.2%. It is the narrowest bandwidth FADOF known at present, as the influence of Doppler broadening on the bandwidth narrowing of FADOF is effectively overcome by cold atoms. This ultranarrow-bandwidth FADOF has a figure of merit (FOM) value of 11.85 GHz−1, which is seven times larger than the largest FOM achieved by thermal vapor atomic optical filter published to date. Furthermore, the scheme can be extended to almost all kinds of atomic optical filters and may find applications in active Faraday optical frequency standard and self-stabilizing laser.