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Optics Letters

Diode laser operating on an atomic transition limited by an isotope ^87Rb Faraday filter at 780 nm

Zhiming Tao, Yelong Hong, Bin Luo, Jingbiao Chen, Hong Mei Guo

Published Sep 10, 2015• 51 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications.

DOI
10.1364/ol.40.004348

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Abstract We demonstrate a Faraday laser using a 1.2 km fiber as an extended cavity, which provides optical feedback and obtains small free spectrum range (FSR) of 83 kHz, and have succeeded in limiting the laser frequency to a crossover transition 5 2 S 1 / 2 , F = 2 → 5 2 P 3 / 2 , F ′ = 1 , 3 of the natural 87 Rb at 780 nm. The Faraday laser is based on a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with an ultra-narrow bandwidth and the long fiber extended cavity of 1.2 km. The peak transmission assigned to the crossover transition F = 2 → F ′ = 1 , 3 in the FADOF is 20.5% with an ultra-narrow bandwidth of 29.1 MHz. The Allan deviation of the Faraday laser is around 6.0 × 10 − 11 in 0.06 to 1 s sampling time. Laser frequency is always kept in the center of the transmitted peak assigned to F = 2 → F ′ = 1 , 3 . The Faraday laser realized here can provide light exactly resonant with an atomic transition used for atom–photon interaction experiments and is insensitive to diode temperature and injection current fluctuations.

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) with high stability, narrow spectral linewidth and low cost. This system does not need an additional frequency-stabilized pump laser as a prerequisite to preparing Rb atom from 5S to 5P excited state. Just by using a performance-improved electrodeless discharge lamp-based excited-state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (LESFADOF), we realized a heterogeneously Faraday laser with the frequency corresponding to atomic transition, working stably over a range of laser diode (LD) current from 85 mA to 171 mA and the LD temperature from 11 °C to 32 °C, as well as the 24-hour long-term frequency fluctuation range of no more than 600 MHz. Both the laser linewidth and relative intensity noisy (RIN) are measured. The Faraday laser lasing on Rb 1529 nm transition (telecom C-band) can be applied to further research on metrology, microwave photonics and optical communication systems. Besides, since the transitions correspongding to the populated excited-states of alkali atoms within lamp are extraordinarily rich, this scheme can increase the flexibility for choosing proper wavelengths for Faraday laser and greatly expand the coverage of wavelength corresponding to atomic transmission for laser frequency stabilization.

Scientific Reports•Aug 15, 2017•27 citations
We demonstrate an extended cavity Faraday laser system using an antireflection-coated laser diode as the gain medium and the isotope (87)Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selective device. Using this method, the laser wavelength works stably at the highest transmission peak of the isotope (87)Rb FADOF over the laser diode current from 55 to 140 mA and the temperature from 15°C to 35°C. Neither the current nor the temperature of the laser diode has significant influence on the output frequency. Compared with previous extended cavity laser systems operating at frequencies irrelevant to spectacular atomic transition lines, the laser system realized here provides a stable laser source with the frequency operating on atomic transitions for many practical applications.
In the development of atomic physics, laser sources with Frequencies corresponding to atomic transition and high stability are essential. The Faraday laser is a special diode laser using the Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) to realize frequency selection, so the output laser frequency is automatically limited to the atomic Doppler broadening. However, the frequency of a Faraday laser corresponds to the range around only one atomic hyperfine transition. Here, we realize a switchable Faraday laser with two isotopes laser frequencies corresponding to 85Rb 52S1/2 (F=3)→52P3/2 and 87Rb 52S1/2 (F=2)→52P3/2 transitions based on a single isotope 87Rb-FADOF. The laser has good robustness against the fluctuation of diode current and temperature, with wavelength fluctuating within 0.8 pm from 16 to 30 °C of diode temperature, and has a free-running linewidth of 18 kHz. We also lock the laser frequency to the two cycling transitions of 85Rb 52S1/2 (F=3)→52P3/2 (F′=4) and 87Rb 52S1/2 (F=2)→52P3/2 (F′=3) by the modulation transfer spectroscopy technique. The Allan deviation of the residual error signal is 3×10−14/τ, and the frequency stability of the beat detection reaches 2.8×10−12 at 1 s integration time. This 780 nm switchable Faraday laser expands the application scenarios of Faraday lasers, which can be used in laser cooling atoms, optical frequency standards, and other quantum precision measurement fields.
We demonstrate a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating on 5S(1/2)-6P(3/2) transition at 420 nm with a 5 cm long cell of 96.5% enriched 87Rb and measure the transmission as a function of the magnetic field and temperature. The isotope 87Rb FADOF achieves a peak transmission of 98% with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz when the temperature of the isotope 87Rb cell is 280°C and the magnetic field is 500 G. The corresponding equivalent noise bandwidth is 5.9 GHz. The isotope 87Rb FADOF is applied to submarine communications, is used as the laser frequency stabilization for some atomic lines, and is also used as the pump laser in four-level Rb active optical clock.
Summarywe report on the development of a power efficient Faraday laser working at 780nm Rb transition using an atomic vapor Faraday filter as a frequency-selecting element. In the routine linear-cavity of Faraday laser, a partial reflectivity cavity mirror was used as output coupler. In this work, a high-reflection mirror (R>99.98%) replaces the partial reflectivity cavity mirror, the transmitted light of the Faraday optical filter is fully used as feedback beam and for frequency selection, while the light with polarization perpendicular to the transmitted part from the second polarizing beam splitter (PBS2) of Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) is output. Single frequency laser is obtained at 780 nm Rb transition over a range of laser diode (LD) current from 60 to 140 mA. Such a single-frequency laser will be an excellent optical frequency standard by frequency stabilization technique.
Abstract We demonstrate a Faraday laser using a 1.2 km fiber as an extended cavity, which provides optical feedback and obtains small free spectrum range (FSR) of 83 kHz, and have succeeded in limiting the laser frequency to a crossover transition 5 2 S 1 / 2 , F = 2 → 5 2 P 3 / 2 , F ′ = 1 , 3 of the natural 87 Rb at 780 nm. The Faraday laser is based on a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) with an ultra-narrow bandwidth and the long fiber extended cavity of 1.2 km. The peak transmission assigned to the crossover transition F = 2 → F ′ = 1 , 3 in the FADOF is 20.5% with an ultra-narrow bandwidth of 29.1 MHz. The Allan deviation of the Faraday laser is around 6.0 × 10 − 11 in 0.06 to 1 s sampling time. Laser frequency is always kept in the center of the transmitted peak assigned to F = 2 → F ′ = 1 , 3 . The Faraday laser realized here can provide light exactly resonant with an atomic transition used for atom–photon interaction experiments and is insensitive to diode temperature and injection current fluctuations.
We demonstrate a dual-frequency (DF) Faraday laser operating on 780 nm using an87Rb Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) as the frequency selection element. The frequencies of the two modes correspond to the transition of87Rb 52S1/2(F=1) to 52P3/2and 52S1/2(F=2) to 52P3/2, respectively. The output laser wavelength has good robustness to the laser diode’s current and temperature fluctuations. The frequency difference between the two modes is tunable with the temperature of87Rb vapor cell and cavity length. Besides, the two modes share good coherence with the most probable linewidth of the beat-note spectra being 3 kHz. Such a 780 nm DF Faraday laser can be used in precision measurement, such as, laser frequency stabilization, optical microwave generation, and coherent population trapping (CPT) atomic clocks.
) with high stability, narrow spectral linewidth and low cost. This system does not need an additional frequency-stabilized pump laser as a prerequisite to preparing Rb atom from 5S to 5P excited state. Just by using a performance-improved electrodeless discharge lamp-based excited-state Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (LESFADOF), we realized a heterogeneously Faraday laser with the frequency corresponding to atomic transition, working stably over a range of laser diode (LD) current from 85 mA to 171 mA and the LD temperature from 11 °C to 32 °C, as well as the 24-hour long-term frequency fluctuation range of no more than 600 MHz. Both the laser linewidth and relative intensity noisy (RIN) are measured. The Faraday laser lasing on Rb 1529 nm transition (telecom C-band) can be applied to further research on metrology, microwave photonics and optical communication systems. Besides, since the transitions correspongding to the populated excited-states of alkali atoms within lamp are extraordinarily rich, this scheme can increase the flexibility for choosing proper wavelengths for Faraday laser and greatly expand the coverage of wavelength corresponding to atomic transmission for laser frequency stabilization.