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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

A Voigt Anomalous Dispersion Optical Filter Immune to the Cell Temperature Fluctuation

Zijie Liu, Xiaolei Guan, Tiantian Shi, Anhong Dang, Jingbiao Chen

Published May 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.

DOI
10.1109/eftf/ifcs57587.2023.10272196

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SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.
SummaryCompared with Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter, the atom optical filter based on the Voigt effect can generate a stronger and more uniform magnetic field with a compact size of the magnet. The transmission characteristics of the Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) are further investigated, and a transmission spectrum with ultra-low bandwidth immune to the cell temperature is constructed. Therefore, this optical filter has the potential to perform well in a complex environment, such as outdoor and out space. Importantly, the VADOF could be applied to a diode laser as a frequency-selective element, named "Voigt laser", contributing to better frequency stability.
The transmission spectrum of Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) corresponds to atomic transition lines and VADOF has a smaller size and simpler structure than Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF). We investigate the transmission spectrum of VADOF under different magnetic fields, temperatures and laser intensities. The results show that as the magnetic field increases, the transmittance of VAODF transmission spectrum decreases. At low temperatures, the transmittance of VAODF transmission spectrum becomes larger with the increase of temperature. With the increase of laser intensity, the transmission spectrum of VAODF becomes smoother, and the number of peaks becomes fewer. VADOF can be used as a frequency-selective element to build external-cavity diode lasers (ECDLs), which automatically align the laser frequency to the atomic transition lines and are more compact than Faraday lasers.
The study of atomic physics has been greatly influenced by the development of high-stability diode lasers whose output corresponds to the atomic transition. Recently, an atomic filter laser “Faraday laser” shines on stage, owing to its great robustness to the fluctuation of the diode parameters and potentially higher tolerance to vibration. However, cost reduction and portability require the Faraday laser to have a more compact structure. Here, we report on the development of a promising atomic filter laser—a “Voigt laser”—using a Voigt anomalous dispersion optical filter (VADOF) as the frequency-selective element, which has a structural advantage in miniaturization. The influencing factors toward the VADOF are investigated in detail to produce a parameter set for the best performance of a Voigt laser. In this case, the Voigt laser has great robustness to the fluctuation in the diode current and temperature, where the wavelength fluctuation is ±0.5 pm with the variation of the diode parameters (diode current: 73–150 mA and diode temperature: 12–30 °C). In addition, the wavelength of the Voigt laser fluctuates about ± 0.5 pm for 48-h free-running operation and shows excellent reproducibility without manual adjustment. The laser system developed here provides a stable and reliable laser source for substantially improving existing technologies such as the atomic clock, electromagnetically induced transparency, and laser cooling of atoms.
We demonstrate a Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) operating on 5S(1/2)-6P(3/2) transition at 420 nm with a 5 cm long cell of 96.5% enriched 87Rb and measure the transmission as a function of the magnetic field and temperature. The isotope 87Rb FADOF achieves a peak transmission of 98% with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz when the temperature of the isotope 87Rb cell is 280°C and the magnetic field is 500 G. The corresponding equivalent noise bandwidth is 5.9 GHz. The isotope 87Rb FADOF is applied to submarine communications, is used as the laser frequency stabilization for some atomic lines, and is also used as the pump laser in four-level Rb active optical clock.
We propose and implement two ultranarrow-bandwidth optical filters with different principles based on laser-cooled87Rb atoms. Using the cold atomic cloud trapped in magneto-optical trap (MOT) to replace the vapor cell of traditional Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF), the effect of Doppler broadening on the transmitted bandwidth of FADOF will be effectively suppressed to the order of natural linewidth. Thus, an ultranarrow-bandwidth FADOF with a bandwidth of 2.7(2) MHz and a peak transmission of 3.2% is realized. It is the narrowest bandwidth FADOF known at present. Moreover, a transmission-enhancing method based on optical pumping is proposed. The two circularly polarized components of a linearly polarized probe laser have a large refractive index difference (induced dichroism), when it goes through the unidirectional population of atoms. Thus, forming a large rotation angle with high transmission. The two schemes can be extended to almost all kinds of atomic optical filters and may find applications in active optical frequency standard and self-stabilizing laser.
To obtain the weak signal light detection from the high background noise,a study on ultra-narrow bandwidth Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter(FADOF) at the 87Rb D1 line,5S1/2F=2→5P1/2 F′=1transmission(795 nm) is demonstrated experimentally.A sample cell filled with Rubidium atoms in which the proportion of 87Rb is greater than that of the nature rubidium is placed in a homogeneous magnetic field between two crossed Glan-Thompson polarizers.The incident probe light goes through the sample cell,and interacts with the atoms.Because of the Faraday rotation,the function of the filter can be realized.When the experiment condition changed,the result of transmission spectrum changed accordingly.With the temperature rising from 340 K to 360 K,the variation of the transmission spectrum is recorded particularly.And the reason for the variation is analyzed carefully.At a proper temperature and magnetic field,a transmission spectrum narrowed to ~220 MHz is obtained,and the peak transmission is about 48%.The performance of the87Rb D1 line is better than that of the 85Rb.