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Results in Physics

Surface Plasmon Polaritions via Squeezed Vacuum States

Hazrat Ali, Shawana Qayum, Nadia Boutabba

Published Sep 6, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we study a dielectric under a squeezed vacuum state, a thermal field and a normal vacuum state. The dielectric atoms are considered to be in a three-level lambda type configuration, where a weak probe field induces and generates surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the silver and dielectric interface. Therefore, to get deeper insights into the dispersion and absorption spectra, the propagation length as well as the skin depth, we investigate the coherence of the system. Hence, we demonstrate thatthe strong laser used to couple the intermediate level to the upper excited state, has a drastic effect on the generated SPPs wavelength at the interface. Additionally, the system properties are fully controlled by the average photon number, the thermal field, the normal vacuum and the squeezed vacuum state. Finally, in an attempt to elaborate a straightforward technique that manipulates the Lsp ( surface plasmon length ) distance we control the system by simultaneously tuning the phase and the control field in a very specific detuning region. This might be of interest to the engineering of miniature nano-photonic devices and circuits where the sub-wavelength property is required.

DOI
10.1016/j.rinp.2023.106919

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In this paper, we study a dielectric under a squeezed vacuum state, a thermal field and a normal vacuum state. The dielectric atoms are considered to be in a three-level lambda type configuration, where a weak probe field induces and generates surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at the silver and dielectric interface. Therefore, to get deeper insights into the dispersion and absorption spectra, the propagation length as well as the skin depth, we investigate the coherence of the system. Hence, we demonstrate thatthe strong laser used to couple the intermediate level to the upper excited state, has a drastic effect on the generated SPPs wavelength at the interface. Additionally, the system properties are fully controlled by the average photon number, the thermal field, the normal vacuum and the squeezed vacuum state. Finally, in an attempt to elaborate a straightforward technique that manipulates the Lsp ( surface plasmon length ) distance we control the system by simultaneously tuning the phase and the control field in a very specific detuning region. This might be of interest to the engineering of miniature nano-photonic devices and circuits where the sub-wavelength property is required.
Quantum coherence controlled by the resonant condition of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has attracted considerable attention for the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in various metal–dielectric hybrid structures. However, for all coherent fields operating resonantly in the system, the exact extent to which perfect EIT is effective in establishing coupler-free SPP excitation has not yet been well examined. Here, we investigate the excitation of SPPs in an air–metal–atom composite structure incorporating a three-level Λ-type atomic model that operates in the strong ground-state coherence-dephasing regime. Such decoherence limits the establishment of true EIT under the condition of two-photon Raman resonance. It is found that, although the characteristic narrow resonant field enhancement associated with EIT mediated by the resonant fields disappears, significant SPP-assisted field enhancement survives over a broad off-resonant spectral region. This behavior originates from the preservation of the momentum-matching condition together with the fulfillment of the dielectric requirements for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in the normal-dispersion regime. If the coupling field is tuned to the SPR condition, the detuned two-photon Raman resonance plays a vital role in structuring a doublet in the spectral response of an initially single-peaked broadband SPP excitation. This observation demonstrates that, although true EIT does not occur in the system, an EIT-like plasmonic spectral signature appears through the off-resonant SPP excitation mechanism. All-optical switching can be realized by turning the detuned condition of the coupling field on and off, thereby exhibiting this coherence feature. Furthermore, we show that the present model remains robust in the Doppler-broadened regime, providing a realistic route toward coherence-controlled coupler-free SPP excitation beyond the conventional ideal-EIT framework.
Quantum plasmonics presents a new insight into quantum photonic science and technology. The unique properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) provide immense potential for quantum control of light in ultracompact systems. The quantum behavior of SPPs should be described by corresponding SPP states, which have attracted a lot of investigative interest recently. In this work, we focus on the interaction of single quanta of SPPs. The generation of a squeezed SPP state through parametric down conversion (PDC) is investigated. Due to intrinsic loss of an SPP, this system deviates from those based on traditional bulk optics. Unlike the previous negative image, it is surprising to find that the role of loss is partly positive. As an illustration, the squeezing process of an SPP in a hybrid plasmonic waveguide system is calculated and shown. The degree of squeezing could reach above 7 dB with a propagation length of only about 12 μm in a single path. Moreover, the spectrum of squeezing has a band of 481.7 THz. It is a valuable advantage to keep a high squeezing degree in such a wide band, which is hard to realize in bulk systems. In addition, the tolerance of the system to loss is also shown to be good. The plasmonic system exhibits an attractive advantage in constructing integrated quantum circuits.
Abstract In a four-level atomic configuration, we suggest a theoretical framework that is capable of obtaining sub-wavelength atomic localization by utilizing surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). Via quantum interference mechanisms, we exhibit precise atomic positioning by utilizing the strong electromagnetic field confinement and enhanced near field interactions inherent to (SPPs). Our model employs specialized probe and control fields to generate spatially dependent absorption, thereby facilitating atomic localization with nanometer scale precision. We have identified sharply defined localization patterns that are regulated by phase modulation and detuning parameters through comprehensive numerical simulations. The conventional diffraction limit is effectively overcome by the coupling between (SPP) modes and atomic states, while quantum coherence is maintained. These findings provide practical implications for applications in plasmon enhanced spectroscopy, nanolithography, and atomic trapping, as they open new frontiers for quantum-scale manipulation. Additionally, we establish the optimal operational parameters that optimize spatial resolution and suppress decoherence in plasmonic nanostructures.
Abstract The dielectric tensor of four level atomic medium coupled with dielectric function of silver silica nano-composites material to modify dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs). The rapid damping of SPPs is used to localized atomic particles in two dimension inverse position space. Directions, phases and intensity of the control field play important roles in the localization of atoms in a unit wavelength domain. Ten, six, four and two localization peaks are investigated by SPPs damping in different quadrants. A single broad localized peak symmetric about origin are also investigated. The theoretical work of this article may be useful for quantum information in Plasmonster technology.
Abstract We theoretically investigate the spectral hole burning of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at an interface between rubidium ( 87 Rb) atomic medium and silver. A typical Lamb dip can be observed at a certain frequency where the absorption of SPPs is suddenly reduced. By applying Kerr-type nonlinearity to the 87 Rb atomic gas, the slope of dispersion becomes more normal and steeper. Under the effect of Doppler broadening, a group index of at the SPPs hole burning region is obtained and is further enhanced to with the application of Kerr-nonlinearity. Similarly, the propagation length of SPPs is increased at the hole burning region and is further enhanced with Kerr-nonlinearity. Further, we show that this nonlinear effect results in the enhancement of the phase shift from 0.02 to 1.5 radian at the hole burning region. These results may find important applications in nano-photonics, optical tweezers, photovoltaic devices and sensing technology.
Surface plasmon (SP)-induced spectral hole burning (SHB) at the silver-dielectric interface is investigated theoretically. We notice a typical lamb dip at a selective frequency, which abruptly reduces the absorption spectrum of the surface plasmons polaritons (SPP). Introducing the spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) in the atomic medium, the slope of dispersion becomes normal. Additionally, slow SPP propagation is also noticed at the interface. The spectral hole burning dip is enhanced with the SGC effect and can be modified and controlled with the frequency and intensity of the driving fields. The SPP propagation length at the hole-burning region is greatly enhanced under the effect of SGC. A propagation length of the order of 600 µm is achieved for the modes, which is a remarkable result. The enhancement of plasmon hole burning under SGC will find significant applications in sensing technology, optical communication, optical tweezers and nano-photonics.