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Chinese Optics Letters

High-dimensional frequency conversion in a hot atomic system

Weihang Zhang, Ying-Hao Ye, Lei Zeng, Enze Li, Jingyuan Peng, Dong-Sheng Ding, Bao‐Sen Shi

Published Jan 1, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the major difficulties in realizing a high-dimensional frequency converter for conventional optical vortex (COV) modes stems from the difference in ring diameter of the COV modes with different topological charge numbers l.Here, we implement a high-dimensional frequency converter for perfect optical vortex (POV) modes with invariant sizes by way of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process using Bessel-Gaussian beams instead of Laguerre-Gaussian beams.The measured conversion efficiency from 1530 to 795 nm is independent of l at least in subspace l ∈ f-6, : : : , 6g, and the achieved conversion fidelities for two-dimensional (2D) superposed POV states exceed 97%.We further realize the frequency conversion of 3D, 5D, and 7D superposition states with fidelities as high as 96.70%, 89.16%, and 88.68%, respectively.The proposed scheme is implemented in hot atomic vapor.It is also compatible with the cold atomic system and may find applications in high-capacity and long-distance quantum communication.

DOI
10.3788/col202321.092701

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One of the major difficulties in realizing a high-dimensional frequency converter for conventional optical vortex (COV) modes stems from the difference in ring diameter of the COV modes with different topological charge numbers l.Here, we implement a high-dimensional frequency converter for perfect optical vortex (POV) modes with invariant sizes by way of the four-wave mixing (FWM) process using Bessel-Gaussian beams instead of Laguerre-Gaussian beams.The measured conversion efficiency from 1530 to 795 nm is independent of l at least in subspace l ∈ f-6, : : : , 6g, and the achieved conversion fidelities for two-dimensional (2D) superposed POV states exceed 97%.We further realize the frequency conversion of 3D, 5D, and 7D superposition states with fidelities as high as 96.70%, 89.16%, and 88.68%, respectively.The proposed scheme is implemented in hot atomic vapor.It is also compatible with the cold atomic system and may find applications in high-capacity and long-distance quantum communication.
One of the major difficulties in realizing a high-dimensional frequency converter for conventional optical vortex (COV) stems from the difference in ring diameter of COV modes with different topological charge numbers l. Here, we implement a high-dimensional frequency convertor for perfect optical vortex (POV) modes with invariant size through the four-wave mixing (FWM) process by utilizing Bessel-Gaussian beams instead of Laguerre-Gaussian beams. The measured conversion efficiency from 1530 nm to 795 nm is independent of l at least in subspace of {-6,...,6}, and the achieved conversion fidelities for two-dimensional (2D) superposed POV states exceed 97%. We further realize the frequency conversion of 3D, 5D and 7D superposition states with fidelities as high as 96.70%, 89.16% and 88.68%, respectively. The reported scheme is implemented in hot atomic vapor, it's also compatible with the cold atomic system and may find applications in high-capacity and long-distance quantum communication.
Frequency interface, namely, converting the colors of photons while retaining their other features, is indispensable for numerous applications ranging from up-conversion imaging to the multimode quantum network. However, limited by the nonuniform nonlinear frequency-conversion efficiency, constructing the frequency interface for high-dimensional spatial modes is still challenging. Here, to break this fundamental barrier, we construct a high-dimensional (HD) orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) frequency interface via conducting sum-frequency generation between HD OAM states to be converted and a radial structured pump. Specifically, by replacing the conventional Gaussian pump with an optimized coherent superposition of HD Laguerre-Gaussian radial modes (i.e., its azimuthal number is zero), we experimentally achieve the OAM frequency interface in nine dimensions with a record fidelity up to 90.38 %. Additionally, by increasing the number of radial modes, our scheme can be flexibly extended to higher dimension. Such a high-dimensional frequency interface could find potential applications in the high-capacity free-space optical communication and would also pave the way for constructing high-dimensional quantum networks.
Airy vortex beams, which integrate orbital angular momentum with diffraction-resistant and self-accelerating characteristics of Airy beams, offer unique capabilities for high-capacity optical communication and high-resolution imaging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation and manipulation of frequency-converted Airy vortex beams through four-wave mixing in hot Rb vapor. A 780 nm vortex beam and a 776 nm two-dimensional Airy beam coherently participate in the four-wave mixing process, generating a 420 nm output beam that combines the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam with the spatial structure of the Airy beam. The generated beam exhibits pronounced quasi-nondiffracting propagation and self-acceleration, with an intensity decay rate reduced by a factor of ∼1.88 relative to the input vortex beam and a transverse acceleration ∼1.84 times that of the input Airy beam. Moreover, both the intensity and the spatial profile of the generated beam are flexibly manipulated by varying the Rb vapor temperature and the pump beam power. This work provides a versatile approach for generating and controlling structured light at what we believe are new wavelengths, opening opportunities for short-wavelength optical manipulation and optical information processing.
Abstract The spatial structure and propagation of vortex Four-Wave mixing (FWM) generated in a cascade three-level atomic system when Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams are used as the incident pump fields are studied. Firstly, by solving the third-order density matrix elements in the steady state, the intensity expression of the vortex FWM signal is obtained. Next, their spatial image and phase during the propagation process are researched. It is shown that with the increase of propagation distance, its image of the intensity tends to a Gaussian beam, and the center of the spot gradually deviates from the original optical singularity. Furthermore, after superposing multiple topological charge (TC) numbers, the intensity and phase images present entirely different light spots at various positions. The TC number can rapidly increase the capacity of the signal for carrying information. This type of signal can be utilized in quantum communication and information, offering a scalable light source for high-dimensional quantum storage.
Abstract We have proposed a double scheme for the efficient generation and control of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM)-induced ultraviolet light via optical angular momentum transfer from a vortex-field (Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam) applied once to the excited transition of the first two-photon ladder and then in the uppermost transition of the three-photon ladder in the FWM-loop configuration of a five-level atomic excitation mechanism. In both the LG-cases, at the conditions of resonant and off-resonant detunings of the two coherent fields with high Rabi frequencies guiding the multi-photon excitation route in the system, it has been shown that the vortex FWM light can propagate either in the superluminal or in the subluminal regime depending upon ‘turned-off’ and ‘turned-on’ conditions of a Raman field outside the FWM-loop, respectively. Such switching phenomenon is the most interesting outcome of the present study along with the significant phase-twisting effects as manifested in the helical phase patterns in both the LG-cases. Thus, the practical implementation of the present model under a cold atomic environment paves up a novel way of obtaining structured high-dimensional light transfer process based on the mechanism of nonlinear photonics, which might have potential applications in quantum information processing and technology in the near future.
Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the perfect optical vortex (POV) beam in a cold atomic ensemble with a five-level configuration. The orbital angular momentum can be completely transferred from a POV control beam to the generated mixing field via inelastic four-wave mixing (IFWM) process. It is found that the intensity and helical phase of the generated vortex IFWM field can be coherently controlled by adjusting the relevant parameters, such as the atomic population, and the intensity and detuning of the pumping field. The obtained results can be reasonably explained via the combination of inherent and modal dispersion relation. Our result may find potential applications in POV-based large-particle manipulation and optical communication.