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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Coherent switching of spatial four-wave-mixing light propagation from superluminal to subluminal regime under vortex beam excitation in a five-level atomic medium

Aniket Banerjee, Pradipta Panchadhyayee, Bibhas Kumar Dutta

Published Jan 6, 2026• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We have proposed a double scheme for the efficient generation and control of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM)-induced ultraviolet light via optical angular momentum transfer from a vortex-field (Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam) applied once to the excited transition of the first two-photon ladder and then in the uppermost transition of the three-photon ladder in the FWM-loop configuration of a five-level atomic excitation mechanism. In both the LG-cases, at the conditions of resonant and off-resonant detunings of the two coherent fields with high Rabi frequencies guiding the multi-photon excitation route in the system, it has been shown that the vortex FWM light can propagate either in the superluminal or in the subluminal regime depending upon ‘turned-off’ and ‘turned-on’ conditions of a Raman field outside the FWM-loop, respectively. Such switching phenomenon is the most interesting outcome of the present study along with the significant phase-twisting effects as manifested in the helical phase patterns in both the LG-cases. Thus, the practical implementation of the present model under a cold atomic environment paves up a novel way of obtaining structured high-dimensional light transfer process based on the mechanism of nonlinear photonics, which might have potential applications in quantum information processing and technology in the near future.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ae340c

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Abstract We have proposed a double scheme for the efficient generation and control of spatial four-wave mixing (FWM)-induced ultraviolet light via optical angular momentum transfer from a vortex-field (Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam) applied once to the excited transition of the first two-photon ladder and then in the uppermost transition of the three-photon ladder in the FWM-loop configuration of a five-level atomic excitation mechanism. In both the LG-cases, at the conditions of resonant and off-resonant detunings of the two coherent fields with high Rabi frequencies guiding the multi-photon excitation route in the system, it has been shown that the vortex FWM light can propagate either in the superluminal or in the subluminal regime depending upon ‘turned-off’ and ‘turned-on’ conditions of a Raman field outside the FWM-loop, respectively. Such switching phenomenon is the most interesting outcome of the present study along with the significant phase-twisting effects as manifested in the helical phase patterns in both the LG-cases. Thus, the practical implementation of the present model under a cold atomic environment paves up a novel way of obtaining structured high-dimensional light transfer process based on the mechanism of nonlinear photonics, which might have potential applications in quantum information processing and technology in the near future.
Abstract We have studied two-dimensional absorption, gain, and corresponding refractive index profiles in a ladder-type three-level atomic system interacting with three coherent fields. One is a weak probe field considered as a plane wave, while the other two are the control fields taken as two Laguerre–Gaussian doughnut beams. Position dependence of two vortex beams induces the spatially modulated coherence at the condition of resonance, which enables us to obtain space-dependent absorption, transparency, gain without inversion (GWI), and refractive index enhancement in the present scheme. The azimuthal modulation of coherence effects is attributed to the presence of optical angular momentum of the vortex beams. Under the influence of an additional travelling wave field with the presence of two vortex beams, the present model leads us to obtain an ultra-large enhancement of refractive index at the resonant detuning of the fields. This phenomenon makes the atom-field system to play the equivalent role of a high-refractive-index prism. The role of near dipole–dipole (NDD) interaction on the modulation of position-dependent coherence effects has also been investigated. It has been shown that, without any inclusion of the travelling wave field in the system, the phenomenon of resonant enhancement of refractive index may also occur in the presence of NDD effect. The new way of generating spatially controlled GWI and nonlinear refractive index enhancement is specific to the present model. This work seems to be useful for finding its applications in spatially modulated coherence controlled electromagnetically induced transparency-based quantum devices like quantum optical memory, switches, and quantum logic gates, where the refractive index switching phenomenon is a prerequisite.
Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the perfect optical vortex (POV) beam in a cold atomic ensemble with a five-level configuration. The orbital angular momentum can be completely transferred from a POV control beam to the generated mixing field via inelastic four-wave mixing (IFWM) process. It is found that the intensity and helical phase of the generated vortex IFWM field can be coherently controlled by adjusting the relevant parameters, such as the atomic population, and the intensity and detuning of the pumping field. The obtained results can be reasonably explained via the combination of inherent and modal dispersion relation. Our result may find potential applications in POV-based large-particle manipulation and optical communication.
Abstract In this paper, we suggest a theoretical model for the exchange of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) state of laser fields in a real cold atomic system for realization in an experimental setup. By using four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, we study the spatial dependence of the new weak generated signal light under electromagnetically induced transparency conditions when one of the laser lights becomes an optical vortex. We discuss the spatial dependence of FWM processes via experimental parameters for different conditions of the OAM of vortex light. We have found that the intensity and phase distributions of the new generated light depends strongly on the OAM number of the optical vortex light. Moreover, we investigate the absorption spectrum of the new generated signal light for different OAM of the optical vortex light. Our obtained results may have potential applications in quantum information science.
We propose and analyze an efficient scheme for the coherent transfer of optical vortices in a cold atomic ensemble with four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ configuration. The orbital angular-momentum (OAM) information can be transferred from the incident vortex fields to the generated backward signal field via resonant backward four-wave mixing (FWM). Considering the single vortex probe field initially acting on one transition of the atomic ensemble and using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which the resonant backward FWM allows us to greatly improve the conversion efficiency of optical vortices beyond what is achievable in the resonant forward OAM transfers. It is found that the complete energy conversion of optical vortices originates from the perfect competition between linear absorption and parametric gain. We also demonstrate that the phase mismatching would be detrimental to the high-efficiency transfer of optical vortices. Furthermore, we show that the generated backward signal field develops a new pure or mixing OAM state when the control field is also a vortex beam. Finally, we investigate the composite vortex beam generated by collinear superposition of the incident vortex probe and signal fields, which can controlled via adjusting the intensity of the control field. Our scheme may have potential applications in OAM-based optical communication and optical information processing.
The microwave-induced orbital angular momentum (OAM) transfer from a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam to a weak plane-wave is studied in a closed-loop four-level ladder-type atomic system. The analytical investigation shows that the generated fourth field is an LG beam with the same OAM of the applied LG field. Moreover, the microwave-induced subluminal generated pulse can be switched to the superluminal one only by changing the relative phase of applied fields. It is shown that the OAM transfer in subluminal regime is accompanied by a slightly absorption, however, it switches to the slightly gain in superluminal regime. The transfer of light's OAM and control of the group velocity of the generated pulse can prepare a high-dimensional Hilbert space which has a major role in quantum communication and information processing.
The microwave-induced orbital angular momentum (OAM) transfer from a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam to a weak plane-wave is studied in a closed-loop four-level ladder-type atomic system. The analytical investigation shows that the generated fourth field is a LG beam with the same OAM of the applied LG field. Moreover, the microwave-induced subluminal generated pulse can be switched to the superluminal one only by changing the relative phase of applied fields. It is shown that the OAM transfer in subluminal regime is accompanied by a slightly absorption, however, it switches to the slightly gain in superluminal regime. The transfer of light's OAM and control of the group velocity of generated pulse can prepare a high-dimensional Hilbert space which has a major role in quantum communication and information processing.