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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

Detector-device-independent quantum secret sharing based on Bell-state distribution

TianQi LIU, Tao LI

Published Aug 16, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Imperfect single-photon detectors can lead to security flaws such as key information leakage and malicious information injection. We propose a three-party detector-device-independent quantum secret sharing protocol based on the single-photon Bell-state measurement and two-photon Bell-state distribution. Two agents develop connections among three communication parties by implementing spatial encoding of photons and performing single-photon Bell-state measurements in both polarization and spatial mode degrees of freedom, resulting in secret sharing among the three parties. This protocol can be implemented with linear optical elements and is simple for practical applications. Furthermore, we prove the security of the protocol and demonstrate its resistance to two common eavesdropping attacks.

DOI
10.1360/sspma-2023-0210

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Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a multi-party quantum communication mode, which allows the dealer to split a key into several parts and send each part of a key to a participant. The participants can obtain the key only by cooperation. Entanglement swapping is a promising method to construct the entanglement channel. In the paper, we propose a multiple-participant measurement-device-independent QSS protocol based on entanglement swapping. All the measurement tasks are handed over to an untrusted measurement party, so that our protocol can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices. Our protocol requires the linear-optical Bell state analysis, which is easy to operate. Our protocol has application potential in the future quantum communication field.
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Measurement-device-independent entanglement witness (MDI-EW) plays an important role for detecting entanglement with untrusted measurement device. We present a double blinding-attack on a quantum secret sharing (QSS) protocol based on GHZ state. Using the MDI-EW method, we propose a QSS protocol against all detector side-channels. We allow source flaws in practical QSS system, so that Charlie can securely distribute a key between the two agents Alice and Bob over long distances. Our protocol provides condition on the extracted key rate for the secret against both external eavesdropper and arbitrary dishonest participants. A tight bound for collective attacks can provide good bounds on the practical QSS with source flaws. Then we show through numerical simulations that using single-photon source a secure QSS over 136 km can be achieved.