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arXiv:2410.23562 · Physical Review Applied

Measurement-device-independent quantum-secret-sharing networks with linear Bell-state analysis

Tianqi Liu, Jiancheng Lai, Zhenhua Li, Tao Li

Published Mar 24, 2025• 13 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) plays a pivotal role in multiparty quantum communication, ensuring the secure distribution of private information among multiple parties. However, the security of QSS schemes can be compromised by attacks exploiting imperfections in measurement devices. Here, we propose a reconfigurable approach to implement QSS based on measurement-device-independent (MDI) principles, utilizing linear two-photon Bell-state analysis. By employing single-qubit conjugate operations for encoding private classical information, our approach offers reconfigurability, allowing for the inclusion of additional parties without sacrificing efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robust security of our MDI QSS scheme against intereavesdropping by dishonest participants and establish lower bounds for secure communication among three legitimate parties. This work presents a flexible configuration for implementing multiparty secure quantum communication with imperfect measurement devices and represents a significant advancement in the development of secure quantum communication technologies.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.23.034057

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Quantum secret sharing (QSS) plays a pivotal role in multiparty quantum communication, ensuring the secure distribution of private information among multiple parties. However, the security of QSS schemes can be compromised by attacks exploiting imperfections in measurement devices. Here, we propose a reconfigurable approach to implement QSS based on measurement-device-independent (MDI) principles, utilizing linear two-photon Bell-state analysis. By employing single-qubit conjugate operations for encoding private classical information, our approach offers reconfigurability, allowing for the inclusion of additional parties without sacrificing efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrate the robust security of our MDI QSS scheme against intereavesdropping by dishonest participants and establish lower bounds for secure communication among three legitimate parties. This work presents a flexible configuration for implementing multiparty secure quantum communication with imperfect measurement devices and represents a significant advancement in the development of secure quantum communication technologies.
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Imperfect single-photon detectors can lead to security flaws such as key information leakage and malicious information injection. We propose a three-party detector-device-independent quantum secret sharing protocol based on the single-photon Bell-state measurement and two-photon Bell-state distribution. Two agents develop connections among three communication parties by implementing spatial encoding of photons and performing single-photon Bell-state measurements in both polarization and spatial mode degrees of freedom, resulting in secret sharing among the three parties. This protocol can be implemented with linear optical elements and is simple for practical applications. Furthermore, we prove the security of the protocol and demonstrate its resistance to two common eavesdropping attacks.
Multiparty quantum communication attracts continuous attention due to the better adaptability for the future quantum internet than point-to-point communication. Unfortunately, the imperfections of practical devices are exploited to take side-channel attacks which threatens the security of practical multiparty quantum communication. We propose a three-party detector-device-independent quantum secret sharing (DDI-QSS) protocol based on hyper-encoding and single-photon Bell-state measurement. It works in a deterministic way. The hyper-encoding circuit and single-photon Bell-state measurement device can be built with only linear optical elements, which makes the protocol more practical. Different from the measurement-device-independent setting, the DDI-QSS protocol does not require the multi-photon interference of photons from independent sources. We prove that it is secure against general entanglement-measure attacks launched by a dishonest participant.
Abstract Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a multi-party quantum communication mode, which allows the dealer to split a key into several parts and send each part of a key to a participant. The participants can obtain the key only by cooperation. Entanglement swapping is a promising method to construct the entanglement channel. In the paper, we propose a multiple-participant measurement-device-independent QSS protocol based on entanglement swapping. All the measurement tasks are handed over to an untrusted measurement party, so that our protocol can resist all possible attacks from imperfect measurement devices. Our protocol requires the linear-optical Bell state analysis, which is easy to operate. Our protocol has application potential in the future quantum communication field.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a measurement-device-independent (MDI) quantum secure multiparty summation protocol based on entanglement swapping. The protocol is capable of providing a secure modulo-2 summation method for n parties. Our protocol uses Bell states as the information vehicle and establishes encryption through entanglement swapping, and each party encodes the information orderly to complete the summation process through the simple single-qubit operation. In contrast to previous protocols, there is no pre-shared private key sequence and key storage process in our protocol, which helps to reduce the possibility of information leakage in transmission. Our protocol supports multiple summations by n participants, which improves quantum resource utilization. The protocol can be implemented with linear-optical devices. Furthermore, it can resist multiple attack modes including the intercept-resend attack, entangle-and-measure attack, dishonest third-party attack, and parties’ attack. Most significantly, the protocol enables to eliminate all side-channel attacks against detectors based on the MDI principle. Therefore, the protocol has advantages of high security, high efficiency, and good feasibility.
Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is a typical multi-party quantum communication mode, in which the key sender splits a key into several parts and the participants can obtain the key by cooperation. Measurement-device-independent quantum secret sharing (MDI-QSS) is immune to all possible attacks from measurement devices and can greatly enhance QSS’s security in practical applications. However, previous MDI-QSS’s key generation rate is relatively low. Here, we adopt the polarization-spatial-mode hyper-encoding technology in the MDI-QSS, which can increase single photon’s channel capacity. Meanwhile, we use the cross-Kerr nonlinearity to realize the complete hyper-entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state analysis. Both above factors can increase MDI-QSS’s key generation rate by about 103. The proposed hyper-encoded MDI-QSS protocol may be useful for future multiparity quantum communication applications.