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Modern Physics Letters B

Incoherent pumping field and Er3+ ion concentration effects on diffraction pattern of transmitted light in Er3+ doped YAG crystal

Junle Chen

Published Jun 22, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration and incoherent pumping field on the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transmitted light beam in Er[Formula: see text]: YAG crystal is discussed. It is shown that under different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion in crystal, the energy of the probe light can transfer to the higher orders of the grating. Also, it is shown that the switching from electromagnetically induced grating to electromagnetically induced phase gratin or vice versa can be obtained by different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion and incoherent pumping rate in crystal. Moreover, we have found that by replacing the probe light by optical vortex light, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the optical vorticity of optical vortex light. In this case, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can also be controlled at different ion concentration.

DOI
10.1142/s0217984923500860

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The effect of Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration and incoherent pumping field on the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transmitted light beam in Er[Formula: see text]: YAG crystal is discussed. It is shown that under different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion in crystal, the energy of the probe light can transfer to the higher orders of the grating. Also, it is shown that the switching from electromagnetically induced grating to electromagnetically induced phase gratin or vice versa can be obtained by different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion and incoherent pumping rate in crystal. Moreover, we have found that by replacing the probe light by optical vortex light, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the optical vorticity of optical vortex light. In this case, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can also be controlled at different ion concentration.
We investigate the effect of doped E r 3 + ion concentration on an electromagnetically induced grating in an E r 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by E r 3 + ion concentration, the Fraunhofer diffraction of the solid-state grating is sensitively dependent upon E r 3 + ion concentration. The three-level E r 3 + ion system with a closed loop leads to probe gain appearing in some concentrations of the E r 3 + ion, which significantly improves the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the relative phase, signal detuning, and grating thickness have different effects on the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating under different concentrations of the E r 3 + ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting a suitable concentration to realize high-efficiency optical switching and routing in future integrated systems.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a three-level ladder-type configuration, mediated by the optical nonlinear process of three-wave mixing (TWM). The OAM information from the incident vortex probe field can be transferred to the generated mixing field through the optical nonlinear process. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration, the OAM transfer depends sensitively on the ion concentration. Furthermore, under different Er[Formula: see text] ion concentrations, the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the conversion efficiency of OAM. More importantly, the conversion efficiency of OAM can be significantly enhanced by choosing suitable values of the control intensity and detuning at [Formula: see text] Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration. Finally, we explore the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the spatial distribution of the probe absorption. Moreover, the spatial absorption of the probe field is shown to evolve with propagation distance within the medium. It is obvious that the spatial pattern of the probe absorption can be effectively controlled via adjusting the detuning of the probe field. Therefore, our scheme enables efficient OAM transfer via second-order nonlinear three-wave mixing in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped YAG crystal by selecting suitable Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration, and may find potential applications in nonlinear quantum optics.
Abstract A coherently prepared Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level ionic configuration is exploited for realizing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs). Owing to the probe gain induced by the incoherent pump, the diffraction efficiency of the crystal grating, especially the first-order diffraction, can be significantly improved via increasing the incoherent pumping rate or decreasing the probe detuning. The enhancement of the grating diffraction efficiency originates from the interference between the gain and phase gratings. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction of the crystal grating can be dynamically controlled via tuning the intensity and detuning of the standing-wave driving field or the concentration of Er3+ ion. More importantly, the probe energy of the diffraction side lobes around the central principle maximum is comparable to that of the first-order diffraction field for small driving intensity or large driving detuning. Our scheme may provide a possibility for the active all-optical control of optical switching, routing and storage in fiber communication wavelengths.
A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.