Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Control of an electromagnetically induced grating by Er 3+ ion concentration in an Er 3+ -doped YAG crystal

Chun Meng, Tao Shui, Wen‐Xing Yang, Yonghong Tian

Published May 11, 2021• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the effect of doped E r 3 + ion concentration on an electromagnetically induced grating in an E r 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by E r 3 + ion concentration, the Fraunhofer diffraction of the solid-state grating is sensitively dependent upon E r 3 + ion concentration. The three-level E r 3 + ion system with a closed loop leads to probe gain appearing in some concentrations of the E r 3 + ion, which significantly improves the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the relative phase, signal detuning, and grating thickness have different effects on the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating under different concentrations of the E r 3 + ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting a suitable concentration to realize high-efficiency optical switching and routing in future integrated systems.

DOI
10.1364/josab.426164

Related papers

Role of Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen shift in an Er 3+ -doped YAG crystal

Tongzhen Chen, Zhenyu Shi, Le Ai +2 more

We investigate the effect of doped Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a Kretschmann–Raether structure, where an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal is employed as the substrate. Due to the difference in the electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er 3+ ion concentration, the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon Er 3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift under different concentrations of Er 3+ ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting suitable concentrations to realize high-performance optical devices in future integrated systems.

Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Apr 28, 2023•4 citations

One- and two-dimensional electromagnetically induced gratings in an Er3+ - doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal

Tao Shui, Ling Li, Xin Wang +1 more

Abstract A coherently prepared Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level ionic configuration is exploited for realizing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs). Owing to the probe gain induced by the incoherent pump, the diffraction efficiency of the crystal grating, especially the first-order diffraction, can be significantly improved via increasing the incoherent pumping rate or decreasing the probe detuning. The enhancement of the grating diffraction efficiency originates from the interference between the gain and phase gratings. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction of the crystal grating can be dynamically controlled via tuning the intensity and detuning of the standing-wave driving field or the concentration of Er3+ ion. More importantly, the probe energy of the diffraction side lobes around the central principle maximum is comparable to that of the first-order diffraction field for small driving intensity or large driving detuning. Our scheme may provide a possibility for the active all-optical control of optical switching, routing and storage in fiber communication wavelengths.

Scientific Reports•Mar 4, 2020•26 citations

Incoherent pumping field and Er3+ ion concentration effects on diffraction pattern of transmitted light in Er3+ doped YAG crystal

Junle Chen

The effect of Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration and incoherent pumping field on the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transmitted light beam in Er[Formula: see text]: YAG crystal is discussed. It is shown that under different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion in crystal, the energy of the probe light can transfer to the higher orders of the grating. Also, it is shown that the switching from electromagnetically induced grating to electromagnetically induced phase gratin or vice versa can be obtained by different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion and incoherent pumping rate in crystal. Moreover, we have found that by replacing the probe light by optical vortex light, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the optical vorticity of optical vortex light. In this case, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can also be controlled at different ion concentration.

Modern Physics Letters B•Jun 22, 2023•1 citation

Coherent transfer of optical vortices via three-wave mixing in an Er3+-doped YAG crystal

Tong Zhang, Kai-Kai Zhang, Xuan-Xue Luo +4 more

In this paper, we investigate the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a three-level ladder-type configuration, mediated by the optical nonlinear process of three-wave mixing (TWM). The OAM information from the incident vortex probe field can be transferred to the generated mixing field through the optical nonlinear process. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration, the OAM transfer depends sensitively on the ion concentration. Furthermore, under different Er[Formula: see text] ion concentrations, the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the conversion efficiency of OAM. More importantly, the conversion efficiency of OAM can be significantly enhanced by choosing suitable values of the control intensity and detuning at [Formula: see text] Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration. Finally, we explore the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the spatial distribution of the probe absorption. Moreover, the spatial absorption of the probe field is shown to evolve with propagation distance within the medium. It is obvious that the spatial pattern of the probe absorption can be effectively controlled via adjusting the detuning of the probe field. Therefore, our scheme enables efficient OAM transfer via second-order nonlinear three-wave mixing in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped YAG crystal by selecting suitable Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration, and may find potential applications in nonlinear quantum optics.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Jul 3, 2026•0 citations

High index of refraction via quantum interference in a three-level system of Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystal

Qiongyi He, Wang Tie-Jun, Jin-Yue Gao

A simple three-level system is proposed to produce high index of refraction with zero absorption in an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal, which is achieved for a probe field between the excited state 4 I 13/2 and ground state 4 I 15/2 by adjusting a strong coherent driving field between the upper excited state 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 15/2 . It is found that the changes of the frequency of the coherent driving field and the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the YAG crystal can maximize the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption. This result could be useful for the dispersion compensation in fibre communication, laser particle acceleration, high precision magnetometry and so on.

Chinese Physics•Jul 26, 2006•8 citations

Effect of concentration of Er 3+ ions on ultra-large index of refraction via atomic coherence in Er 3+ : YAG crystal

Zhang Hui-Fang, Zhenwen Dai, Zhang Bing +2 more

A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.

Chinese Physics•Aug 29, 2003•7 citations
We investigate the effect of doped E r 3 + ion concentration on an electromagnetically induced grating in an E r 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by E r 3 + ion concentration, the Fraunhofer diffraction of the solid-state grating is sensitively dependent upon E r 3 + ion concentration. The three-level E r 3 + ion system with a closed loop leads to probe gain appearing in some concentrations of the E r 3 + ion, which significantly improves the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the relative phase, signal detuning, and grating thickness have different effects on the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating under different concentrations of the E r 3 + ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting a suitable concentration to realize high-efficiency optical switching and routing in future integrated systems.
We investigate the effect of doped Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a Kretschmann–Raether structure, where an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal is employed as the substrate. Due to the difference in the electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er 3+ ion concentration, the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon Er 3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift under different concentrations of Er 3+ ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting suitable concentrations to realize high-performance optical devices in future integrated systems.
Abstract A coherently prepared Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level ionic configuration is exploited for realizing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs). Owing to the probe gain induced by the incoherent pump, the diffraction efficiency of the crystal grating, especially the first-order diffraction, can be significantly improved via increasing the incoherent pumping rate or decreasing the probe detuning. The enhancement of the grating diffraction efficiency originates from the interference between the gain and phase gratings. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction of the crystal grating can be dynamically controlled via tuning the intensity and detuning of the standing-wave driving field or the concentration of Er3+ ion. More importantly, the probe energy of the diffraction side lobes around the central principle maximum is comparable to that of the first-order diffraction field for small driving intensity or large driving detuning. Our scheme may provide a possibility for the active all-optical control of optical switching, routing and storage in fiber communication wavelengths.
The effect of Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration and incoherent pumping field on the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of the transmitted light beam in Er[Formula: see text]: YAG crystal is discussed. It is shown that under different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion in crystal, the energy of the probe light can transfer to the higher orders of the grating. Also, it is shown that the switching from electromagnetically induced grating to electromagnetically induced phase gratin or vice versa can be obtained by different concentration of Er[Formula: see text] ion and incoherent pumping rate in crystal. Moreover, we have found that by replacing the probe light by optical vortex light, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can be obtained by tuning the optical vorticity of optical vortex light. In this case, the asymmetric diffraction pattern can also be controlled at different ion concentration.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a three-level ladder-type configuration, mediated by the optical nonlinear process of three-wave mixing (TWM). The OAM information from the incident vortex probe field can be transferred to the generated mixing field through the optical nonlinear process. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration, the OAM transfer depends sensitively on the ion concentration. Furthermore, under different Er[Formula: see text] ion concentrations, the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the conversion efficiency of OAM. More importantly, the conversion efficiency of OAM can be significantly enhanced by choosing suitable values of the control intensity and detuning at [Formula: see text] Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration. Finally, we explore the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the spatial distribution of the probe absorption. Moreover, the spatial absorption of the probe field is shown to evolve with propagation distance within the medium. It is obvious that the spatial pattern of the probe absorption can be effectively controlled via adjusting the detuning of the probe field. Therefore, our scheme enables efficient OAM transfer via second-order nonlinear three-wave mixing in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped YAG crystal by selecting suitable Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration, and may find potential applications in nonlinear quantum optics.
A simple three-level system is proposed to produce high index of refraction with zero absorption in an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal, which is achieved for a probe field between the excited state 4 I 13/2 and ground state 4 I 15/2 by adjusting a strong coherent driving field between the upper excited state 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 15/2 . It is found that the changes of the frequency of the coherent driving field and the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the YAG crystal can maximize the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption. This result could be useful for the dispersion compensation in fibre communication, laser particle acceleration, high precision magnetometry and so on.
A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.