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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Role of Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen shift in an Er 3+ -doped YAG crystal

Tongzhen Chen, Zhenyu Shi, Le Ai, Tao Shui, Wen‐Xing Yang

Published Apr 28, 2023• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the effect of doped Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a Kretschmann–Raether structure, where an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal is employed as the substrate. Due to the difference in the electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er 3+ ion concentration, the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon Er 3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift under different concentrations of Er 3+ ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting suitable concentrations to realize high-performance optical devices in future integrated systems.

DOI
10.1364/josab.487990

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We investigate the effect of doped Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a Kretschmann–Raether structure, where an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal is employed as the substrate. Due to the difference in the electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er 3+ ion concentration, the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon Er 3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift under different concentrations of Er 3+ ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting suitable concentrations to realize high-performance optical devices in future integrated systems.
Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to control Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams in a cavity containing Er 3 + -doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level Er 3 + ionic system. It is found that both the values and signs of the reflected and transmitted GH shifts can be coherently controlled by tuning the relevant optical parameters, such as the incoherent pumping rate, and the intensity and detuning of the driving field. Furthermore, we propose a scheme for such a configuration of the reflected GH shift as a family of reflection-type optical switchings. It is shown that the average port spacing and reflectivity of the optical switching can reach approximately 1.03 mm and 16.88, respectively, which indicate the high performance of switching function. Our proposal may provide a possibility to implement optically tuned optical switching.
We investigate the effect of doped E r 3 + ion concentration on an electromagnetically induced grating in an E r 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by E r 3 + ion concentration, the Fraunhofer diffraction of the solid-state grating is sensitively dependent upon E r 3 + ion concentration. The three-level E r 3 + ion system with a closed loop leads to probe gain appearing in some concentrations of the E r 3 + ion, which significantly improves the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the relative phase, signal detuning, and grating thickness have different effects on the first-order diffraction efficiency of the solid-state grating under different concentrations of the E r 3 + ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting a suitable concentration to realize high-efficiency optical switching and routing in future integrated systems.
In this paper, we investigate the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the transfer of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a three-level ladder-type configuration, mediated by the optical nonlinear process of three-wave mixing (TWM). The OAM information from the incident vortex probe field can be transferred to the generated mixing field through the optical nonlinear process. Due to the change of electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration, the OAM transfer depends sensitively on the ion concentration. Furthermore, under different Er[Formula: see text] ion concentrations, the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the conversion efficiency of OAM. More importantly, the conversion efficiency of OAM can be significantly enhanced by choosing suitable values of the control intensity and detuning at [Formula: see text] Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration. Finally, we explore the effect of Er[Formula: see text]ion concentration on the spatial distribution of the probe absorption. Moreover, the spatial absorption of the probe field is shown to evolve with propagation distance within the medium. It is obvious that the spatial pattern of the probe absorption can be effectively controlled via adjusting the detuning of the probe field. Therefore, our scheme enables efficient OAM transfer via second-order nonlinear three-wave mixing in an Er[Formula: see text]-doped YAG crystal by selecting suitable Er[Formula: see text] ion concentration, and may find potential applications in nonlinear quantum optics.
We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam from a metal-clad waveguide, where a coherent atomic medium with a Λ -type configuration is employed as the substrate. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) allows us to enhance the spatial and angular GH shifts of the reflected beam. With the help of SGC, the relative phases of the probe and control fields can alter the absorption gain and refractive index of the atomic medium, thereby manipulating the magnitudes, signs, and positions of the spatial and angular shifts. Furthermore, the spatial and angular GH shifts can be coherently controlled via adjusting the incoherent pumping rate and the intensity of the control field. Our proposal provides an avenue for the manipulation of spatial and angular GH shifts and potential applications in optical switching and optical steering.
A new scheme focusing on modification and control of distortion in the reflection and transmission of Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifted beams, is discussed. The absorptivity, reflectivity, and transmissivity are measured for the new atomic scheme. The GH-shifted beam is modified by control fields and incident angle. The sum of absorption, transmission, and reflection coefficients is equal to one. For positive reflection GH-shift region, there is negative transmission GH shift. The distortion in the reflected and transmitted beam is controlled with incident angle and control fields. The results discussed in this article show significant applications in micro-optics and nano-optics, acoustics, and plasma physics.
The influence of spontaneous generated coherence (SGC) on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift in the reflected light is presented. A weak probe light is incident on a cavity containing three-level gaseous atomic medium consist of 85Rb atoms. The atom–field interaction follows electromagnetically induced transparency configuration, and the SGC modifies the dispersion and absorption properties of a system [Y. Niu and S. Gong, Phys. Rev. A 73, 053811 (2006)]. The SGC enhances the Kerr nonlinearity which leads to giant negative and positive GH shifts in the reflected light. Further, the control of negative and positive GH shifts is achieved via manipulation of probe field detuning.