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Laser Physics Letters

Controllable Goos–Hänchen shift and optical switching in an Er 3 + -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal

Xiu‐Mei Chen, Tao Shui, Chun Meng, Tong Zhang, Xu Deng, Wen‐Xing Yang

Published Mar 18, 2021• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to control Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams in a cavity containing Er 3 + -doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level Er 3 + ionic system. It is found that both the values and signs of the reflected and transmitted GH shifts can be coherently controlled by tuning the relevant optical parameters, such as the incoherent pumping rate, and the intensity and detuning of the driving field. Furthermore, we propose a scheme for such a configuration of the reflected GH shift as a family of reflection-type optical switchings. It is shown that the average port spacing and reflectivity of the optical switching can reach approximately 1.03 mm and 16.88, respectively, which indicate the high performance of switching function. Our proposal may provide a possibility to implement optically tuned optical switching.

DOI
10.1088/1612-202x/abebdb

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•Jan 1, 2010•144 citations
Abstract We propose an efficient scheme to control Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts of the reflected and transmitted beams in a cavity containing Er 3 + -doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level Er 3 + ionic system. It is found that both the values and signs of the reflected and transmitted GH shifts can be coherently controlled by tuning the relevant optical parameters, such as the incoherent pumping rate, and the intensity and detuning of the driving field. Furthermore, we propose a scheme for such a configuration of the reflected GH shift as a family of reflection-type optical switchings. It is shown that the average port spacing and reflectivity of the optical switching can reach approximately 1.03 mm and 16.88, respectively, which indicate the high performance of switching function. Our proposal may provide a possibility to implement optically tuned optical switching.
We investigate the effect of doped Er 3+ ion concentration on the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam in a Kretschmann–Raether structure, where an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal is employed as the substrate. Due to the difference in the electric dipole moment and spontaneous emission decay induced by Er 3+ ion concentration, the reflected GH shift is sensitively dependent upon Er 3+ ion concentration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the intensity and detuning of the control field have different effects on the magnitude, sign, and position of the GH shift under different concentrations of Er 3+ ion. Therefore, our scheme may provide a basis for selecting suitable concentrations to realize high-performance optical devices in future integrated systems.
We propose an efficient scheme to manipulate the Goos–Hänchen (GH) shift of a reflected beam from a metal-clad waveguide, where a coherent atomic medium with a Λ -type configuration is employed as the substrate. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) allows us to enhance the spatial and angular GH shifts of the reflected beam. With the help of SGC, the relative phases of the probe and control fields can alter the absorption gain and refractive index of the atomic medium, thereby manipulating the magnitudes, signs, and positions of the spatial and angular shifts. Furthermore, the spatial and angular GH shifts can be coherently controlled via adjusting the incoherent pumping rate and the intensity of the control field. Our proposal provides an avenue for the manipulation of spatial and angular GH shifts and potential applications in optical switching and optical steering.
Abstract In this paper, we propose a new configuration for manipulating Goos–Hänchen (GH) shifts in reflected and transmitted probe beams in a fixed geometrical scheme with a confined four-level InGaN/GaN quantum dot nanostructure. Here, the four-level quantum dot nanostructure is driven by a weak probe light, a coherent coupling field, and two broadband polarized fields that serve as the incoherent pumping fields. We theoretically show that by modulation of the external coupling field, incoherent pumping rates, and detuning of the probe light, the GH shifts in the reflected and transmitted probe light can be controlled. Our results show that enhanced GH shifts of reflected and transmitted probe beams can be obtained by simultaneous use of incoherent pumping rates and detuning of the probe light. Moreover, we find that the GH shifts in both reflected and transmitted probe beams can be negative or positive at certain angles of the incident probe field. Thus, these results may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in all-optical systems based on nanostructure devices.
Abstract A coherently prepared Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal with a four-level ionic configuration is exploited for realizing one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) electromagnetically induced gratings (EIGs). Owing to the probe gain induced by the incoherent pump, the diffraction efficiency of the crystal grating, especially the first-order diffraction, can be significantly improved via increasing the incoherent pumping rate or decreasing the probe detuning. The enhancement of the grating diffraction efficiency originates from the interference between the gain and phase gratings. It is also demonstrated that the diffraction of the crystal grating can be dynamically controlled via tuning the intensity and detuning of the standing-wave driving field or the concentration of Er3+ ion. More importantly, the probe energy of the diffraction side lobes around the central principle maximum is comparable to that of the first-order diffraction field for small driving intensity or large driving detuning. Our scheme may provide a possibility for the active all-optical control of optical switching, routing and storage in fiber communication wavelengths.
Abstract In this letter, we propose a novel model for adjusting the Goos–Hänchen shifts (GH) from a fixed cavity. A three-level double quantum dot (QD) molecule is doped in the cavity, which interacts with a probe laser field and an incoherent pumping rate. We initially investigate the refraction index of double QDs utilizing the quantum mechanical density matrix approach in order to achieve negative and positive refractive indexes. The GH shifts of reflected and transmitted light beams in positive and negative refraction indices of the intracavity medium were then studied. The improved negative or positive GH shifts in reflected and transmitted light beams may be accomplished by changing the incoherent pumping rate and tunneling effect. Our findings reveal that the magnitude of the GH shifts is greatly influenced by the absorption of incoming probing light in double QDs. The enormous GH shifts for the perfect tuning cavity have been seen at a given incidence angle.
The behavior of the Goos-Hanchen (GH) shifts in the reflected and transmitted light beam which is incident on a cavity containing an intracavity medium of three-level or four-level atoms with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is discussed. We report a coherent control of the GH shift in a fixed configuration or device via superluminal and subluminal wave propagation. For superluminal wave propagation, we observe negative GH shifts in the reflected part of the incident light whereas the shifts are positive in the transmitted light beam. This corresponds to the negative group index of the cavity in the former case and positive group index of the cavity in the latter. For subluminal wave propagation, the behavior of the GH shifts in the reflected light changes and positive shifts appear