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Chinese Physics

Effect of concentration of Er 3+ ions on ultra-large index of refraction via atomic coherence in Er 3+ : YAG crystal

Zhang Hui-Fang, Zhenwen Dai, Zhang Bing, Jin‐Hui Wu, Jin-Yue Gao

Published Aug 29, 2003• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/12/9/307

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A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal. It is found that the high index of refraction with zero absorption can be provided by adjusting the incoherent pumping, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. Furthermore, the value of the incoherent pump to achieve the high index of refraction with zero absorption is greatly changed with increasing the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the crystal. This indicates that the effect of concentration on the high index of refraction with zero absorption cannot be neglected.
A four-level system is proposed to produce large index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption in the Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. It is found that the separation of the two absorption peaks and the maximum value of index of refraction with zero absorption can be adjusted by changing the coherent field and the incoherent pumping. It is shown that a higher index of refraction with zero absorption can be easily obtained when the coherent field is off resonance.
A simple three-level system is proposed to produce high index of refraction with zero absorption in an Er 3+ -doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) crystal, which is achieved for a probe field between the excited state 4 I 13/2 and ground state 4 I 15/2 by adjusting a strong coherent driving field between the upper excited state 4 I 11/2 and 4 I 15/2 . It is found that the changes of the frequency of the coherent driving field and the concentration of Er 3+ ions in the YAG crystal can maximize the index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption. This result could be useful for the dispersion compensation in fibre communication, laser particle acceleration, high precision magnetometry and so on.
The electromagnetically induced left-handedness with zero absorption and large negative refractive index was investigated in a solid Er3+:YAG crystal with a four-level system proposed for an atomic medium. It was found that the frequency region with simultaneous negative permittivity and negative permeability, the zero absorption intervals, and the maximum values of the negative refractive index can be adjusted by changing the signal field, the coherent field, as well as the concentration of Er3+ ion in crystal. It is shown that wider zero absorption intervals with a higher index of refraction can be easily obtained when the signal field is only off resonance. The slab fabricated by the left-handed solid medium Er3+:YAG crystal with zero absorption may be a practical candidate for designing perfect lenses.
We construct a four-level system where a metastable state is included in an Er3＋Er^{3＋}Er3＋ Doped Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) crystal. Because of the action of the coherent field, the traditional light amplification with inversion can be exhibited with remarkable variation. As a result, we propose a method to achieve the gain equalization by atomic coherence. At the same time, we find that the high index of refraction accompanied by vanishing absorption can also be reached in this model. We also find that a higher index of refraction with zero absorption can be easily obtained when the coherent field is off resonance.