Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Applied Optics

Microwave target location method based on the diamond NV color center

Yusong Liu, Qi Wang, Yue Qin, Hao Guo, Jie Li, Zhonghao Li, Huan Fei Wen, Zongmin Ma, Jun Tang, Jun Liu

Published May 5, 2023• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method for microwave target source localization based on the diamond nitrogen vacancy color center. We use coherent population oscillation effect and modulation and demodulation techniques to achieve the detection of microwave intensity of microwave target sources, with a minimum detection intensity of 0.59 µW. Positioning of the microwave source was achieved within 50×100cm 2 distance from the system 1 m away using the cubic spline interpolation algorithm and minimum mean squared error. The maximum positioning error was 3.5 cm. This method provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, idea for the passive localization of microwave targets.

DOI
10.1364/ao.493338

Related papers

Microwave Passive Direction-Finding Method Based on NV Color Center in Diamond

Qi Wang, Yusong Liu, Yue Ning Qin +2 more

In this study, we established a passive direction-finding scheme based on microwave power measurement: Microwave intensity was detected using microwave-frequency proportion integration differentiation control and coherent population oscillation effect converting the change in microwave resonance peak intensity into a shift of the microwave frequency spectrum, for which the minimum microwave intensity resolution was -20 dBm. The direction angle of the microwave source was calculated using the weighted global least squares method of microwave field distribution. This lay in the 12~26 dBm microwave emission intensity range, and the measurement position was in the range of (-15°~15°). The average angle error of the angle measurement was 0.24°, and the maximum angle error was 0.48°. In this study, we established a microwave passive direction-finding scheme based on quantum precision sensing, which measures the microwave frequency, intensity, and angle in a small space and has a simple system structure, small equipment size, and low system power consumption. In this study, we provide a basis for the future application of quantum sensors in microwave direction measurements.

Micromachines•Mar 30, 2023•2 citations

Diamond Color Center Based FM Microwave Demodulator

Linbo Shao, Mian Zhang, Marko Lončar +1 more

Nitrogen-vacancy centers, atomic-scale luminescent defects in diamond, are used to transduce frequency-modulated microwave signals to intensity-modulated fluorescence. Our work could lead to realization of radio receivers operating in extreme environments, including high temperature and pressure.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics•Jan 1, 2016•0 citations

High precision microwave measurement based on nitrogen-vacancy color center and application in velocity detection

Hao Zhang, Zhonghao Li, Chenyu Yang +6 more

Wide-range high-precision velocity detection with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center has been realized. By treating the NV color center as a mixer, the high-precision microwave measurement is realized. Through optimization of acquisition time, the microwave frequency resolution is improved to the mHz level. Combined with the frequency-velocity conversion model, velocity detection is realized in the range of 0-100 cm/s, and the velocity resolution is up to 0.012 cm/s. The maximum deviation in repeated measurements does not exceed 1/1000. Finally, combined with the multiplexed microwave reference technique, the range of velocity can be extended to 7.4 × 10 5 m/s. All of the results provide reference for high-precision velocity detection and play a significant role in various domains of quantum precision measurement. This study provides a crucial technical foundation for the development of high-dynamic-range velocity detectors and novel quantum precision velocity measurement technologies.

Optics Express•Jan 23, 2024•9 citations

High-Dynamic-Range Detection of Microwave Signal on Chip Surface Based on Diamond Sensors

Ding Wang, Huan Fei Wen, Xin Li +9 more

This article proposed a microwave (MW) detection method by utilizing the effect of the dual MW on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We established a theoretical model of dual MW superposition and experimentally discovered the unusual peak in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum. The peak frequency and the full-width at half-maximum of the unusual peak, as well as fluorescence intensity in the nonresonant frequency range of the ODMR spectrum, were systematically analyzed to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the measured MW signals. The broadband MW detection was realized in a wide range of 2240–4512 MHz by utilizing the linear relation between the magnetic field and the resonant frequency in the Zeeman splitting. The experiments showed that the minimum detection power was up to 1$\mu$W. The proposed approach can greatly improve the practicability of detecting MW fields on chip surfaces by quantum engineering techniques.

IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques•Nov 3, 2023•10 citations

Coherent population oscillations with nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond

Mariusz Mrózek, Adam M. Wojciechowski, Daniel Rudnicki +4 more

We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the ${}^{3}{A}_{2}$ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.

arXiv:1512.03996•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Jul 26, 2016•35 citations

Spatial Microwave Field Frequency Measurement through Two‐Level Resonance of Nitrogen‐Vacancy Color Center in Diamond

Yanjie Gao, Yusong Liu, Hao Guo +5 more

This article presents a frequency measurement method for spatial microwave signals with solid‐state atom resonance, performing measurements based on the burnt hole in spectrum with two microwave fields acting on nitrogen vacancies (NVs) simultaneously. The population on |0⟩ of the NV color center in the ground state affected by the resonance of two microwave fields with similar frequencies responds excellently to external microwave frequencies, and a phenomenon named hole burning occurs. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonant peak at the hole is 18.9 kHz. When microwaves of different frequencies are applied, the resonant peak precisely follows the signal frequency in the experiment. Subsequently, the resonant peak is processed using the differential method to obtain a frequency measurement error on the order of 100 Hz. The spatial resolution of this method is within the millimeter scale. This study can provide technical support for applications in microwave frequency measurement and spatial mapping with quantum precision measurement.

physica status solidi (b)•Sep 17, 2023•0 citations
We propose a method for microwave target source localization based on the diamond nitrogen vacancy color center. We use coherent population oscillation effect and modulation and demodulation techniques to achieve the detection of microwave intensity of microwave target sources, with a minimum detection intensity of 0.59 µW. Positioning of the microwave source was achieved within 50×100cm 2 distance from the system 1 m away using the cubic spline interpolation algorithm and minimum mean squared error. The maximum positioning error was 3.5 cm. This method provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, idea for the passive localization of microwave targets.
In this study, we established a passive direction-finding scheme based on microwave power measurement: Microwave intensity was detected using microwave-frequency proportion integration differentiation control and coherent population oscillation effect converting the change in microwave resonance peak intensity into a shift of the microwave frequency spectrum, for which the minimum microwave intensity resolution was -20 dBm. The direction angle of the microwave source was calculated using the weighted global least squares method of microwave field distribution. This lay in the 12~26 dBm microwave emission intensity range, and the measurement position was in the range of (-15°~15°). The average angle error of the angle measurement was 0.24°, and the maximum angle error was 0.48°. In this study, we established a microwave passive direction-finding scheme based on quantum precision sensing, which measures the microwave frequency, intensity, and angle in a small space and has a simple system structure, small equipment size, and low system power consumption. In this study, we provide a basis for the future application of quantum sensors in microwave direction measurements.
Wide-range high-precision velocity detection with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center has been realized. By treating the NV color center as a mixer, the high-precision microwave measurement is realized. Through optimization of acquisition time, the microwave frequency resolution is improved to the mHz level. Combined with the frequency-velocity conversion model, velocity detection is realized in the range of 0-100 cm/s, and the velocity resolution is up to 0.012 cm/s. The maximum deviation in repeated measurements does not exceed 1/1000. Finally, combined with the multiplexed microwave reference technique, the range of velocity can be extended to 7.4 × 10 5 m/s. All of the results provide reference for high-precision velocity detection and play a significant role in various domains of quantum precision measurement. This study provides a crucial technical foundation for the development of high-dynamic-range velocity detectors and novel quantum precision velocity measurement technologies.
This article proposed a microwave (MW) detection method by utilizing the effect of the dual MW on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We established a theoretical model of dual MW superposition and experimentally discovered the unusual peak in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum. The peak frequency and the full-width at half-maximum of the unusual peak, as well as fluorescence intensity in the nonresonant frequency range of the ODMR spectrum, were systematically analyzed to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the measured MW signals. The broadband MW detection was realized in a wide range of 2240–4512 MHz by utilizing the linear relation between the magnetic field and the resonant frequency in the Zeeman splitting. The experiments showed that the minimum detection power was up to 1μ\muμW. The proposed approach can greatly improve the practicability of detecting MW fields on chip surfaces by quantum engineering techniques.
We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the 3A2{}^{3}{A}_{2}3A2​ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.
This article presents a frequency measurement method for spatial microwave signals with solid‐state atom resonance, performing measurements based on the burnt hole in spectrum with two microwave fields acting on nitrogen vacancies (NVs) simultaneously. The population on |0⟩ of the NV color center in the ground state affected by the resonance of two microwave fields with similar frequencies responds excellently to external microwave frequencies, and a phenomenon named hole burning occurs. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the resonant peak at the hole is 18.9 kHz. When microwaves of different frequencies are applied, the resonant peak precisely follows the signal frequency in the experiment. Subsequently, the resonant peak is processed using the differential method to obtain a frequency measurement error on the order of 100 Hz. The spatial resolution of this method is within the millimeter scale. This study can provide technical support for applications in microwave frequency measurement and spatial mapping with quantum precision measurement.