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arXiv:1512.03996 · Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Coherent population oscillations with nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond

Mariusz Mrózek, Adam M. Wojciechowski, Daniel Rudnicki, Jerzy Zachorowski, Pauli Kehayias, Dmitry Budker, Wojciech Gawlik

Published Jul 26, 2016• 35 citations
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Abstract

We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the ${}^{3}{A}_{2}$ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.94.035204

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We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy (NV\ensuremath−\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}NV\ensuremath−) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the NV\ensuremath−\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}NV\ensuremath− ensemble in the 3A2{}^{3}{A}_{2}3A2​ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two NV\ensuremath−\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}NV\ensuremath− ground state sublevels (ms=0\ensuremath↔ms=+1{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1ms​=0\ensuremath↔ms​=+1). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.
We apply a laser and two nearly degenerate microwave fields upon an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond and observe magnetic resonance structures with two-component, composite shapes of nested Lorentzians with different widths. One component of them undergoes regular power-broadening, whereas the linewidth of the other one becomes power-independent and undergoes field-induced stabilization. We show that the observed width stabilization is a general phenomenon that results from competition between coherent driving and non-conservation of populations that occur in open systems. The phenomenon is interpreted in terms of specific combinations of state populations that play the role of bright and dark states.
Abstract The results of the development of a two-frequency resonator operating at frequencies of 4.95 and 7.1 MHz, which correspond to the frequencies of hyperfine transitions of the ground state of a nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond, are presented. The efficiency of the resonator has been demonstrated via observation of Rabi oscillations. With a resonator input power of 0.3 W, the amplitude of the alternating magnetic field was 1.6 and 1 mT for field frequencies of 4.95 and 7.1 MHz, respectively.
Coherent population trapping at zero magnetic field was observed for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond under optical excitation. This was measured as a reduction in photoluminescence when the detuning between two excitation lasers matched the 2.88 GHz crystal-field splitting of the color center ground states. This behavior is highly sensitive to strain, which modifies the excited states, and was unexpected following recent experiments demonstrating optical readout of single nitrogen-vacancy electron spins based on cycling transitions. These results demonstrate for the first time that three-level Lambda configurations suitable for proposed quantum information applications can be realized simultaneously for all four orientations of nitrogen-vacancy centers at zero magnetic field.
Abstract Multiple-microwave-photon transition is a nonlinear process involving the simultaneous absorption of multiple microwave photons to reach a higher energy state. This phenomenon enables microwave frequency conversion, a crucial technique for spin-wave devices, frequency synthesizers and communication devices. However, it has not been observed in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, which serve as a key quantum platform linking flying qubits, microwave photons, and solid-state spins. In this work, we first observed multiple-microwave-photon transitions in NV centers in diamonds, using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) methods with a single laser and microwave beam. We demonstrate that microwave frequencies, effective g-factor, and angular momentum exhibit a 1/n scaling law, but the linewidth exhibits a 1/n^2 scaling law for n-photon transitions between the ground states. Additionally, we detect the hyperfine structure of the ground states and achieve coherent spin manipulation under multi-photon excitation. Our findings offer a novel approach for the precise manipulation of NV center spin states, advancing quantum sensing and quantum information.
Magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectra of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers ensemble in high purity diamond sample were measured, with temperature ranging from 5.6 K to 295 K. Both microwave and optical transition energies have similar nonlinear temperature dependent changes, which might mainly originate from the local thermal expansion. As the frequency shifts will reduce the fidelity of resonant quantum control, the present results demonstrate the necessity of taking temperature fluctuation into consideration. For temperature below 100 K, the transition energies show tendencies to be constant, which indicate higher stability and performance in applications with NV centers.