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International Conference on Pulsed Lasers and Laser Applications (AMPL)

ODMR spectroscopy of NV(–) color centers in synthetic diamonds

Valentine A. Antonov, I. A. Kartashov, Sergey N. Podlesny, V. P. Popov, A. V. Shishaev, Yuri N. Palyanov, E. I. Lipatov, Mikhail A. Shulepov, Ekaterina A. Kolesnik, Anastasia V. Kozorez

Published Nov 2, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Spectral characteristics of luminescent emission of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV–) centers in synthetic diamonds while filling of lower spin sublevels by microwave radiation were studied. On recorded spectra secondary side spin resonances induced by the hyperfine interaction between the NV– center electronic spin and the 13C nuclear spin were found out on the frequencies of 2.8136 GHz and 2.9408 GHz.

DOI
10.1117/12.3009421

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Spectral characteristics of luminescent emission of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV–) centers in synthetic diamonds while filling of lower spin sublevels by microwave radiation were studied. On recorded spectra secondary side spin resonances induced by the hyperfine interaction between the NV– center electronic spin and the 13C nuclear spin were found out on the frequencies of 2.8136 GHz and 2.9408 GHz.
Nitrogen vacancy (NV-) color centers in diamond are a prime candidate for use in quantum information devices, owing to their spin-1 ground state, straightforward optical initialization and readout, and long intrinsic coherence times in a room-temperature solid. While the 13C nuclear spin is often a dominant source of magnetic noise, we observe transitions between electron-nuclear hyperfine states of NV- centers in 99% 13C diamond that are robust to decoherence. At magnetic field strengths ranging from 550 - 900 G, these transitions are observable by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), and exhibit linewidths narrowed by factors as high as ~130 at room temperature over typical electron-type transitions observed from this spin system. We anticipate the use of these decoherence-protected transitions, in combination with dynamical decoupling methods, for storage of quantum information.
We study the spectroscopy of an ensemble of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond at high temperatures between room temperature and 700K under high vacuum conditions. Spin resonances are studied using optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR), and optical spectroscopy is employed to study radiative transitions. Upon increasing the temperature, the intensity of radiative decay in visible and infrared decreased. In addition, the ODMR resonance frequencies were decreased, and the phonon line emission shifted to higher wavelengths. Density functional theory calculation of the zero-field splitting parameter (D) revealed that thermal expansion is not enough to explain the shift in the ODMR frequencies. Fitting the measured intensity of photo-luminescence with the theoretical predictions of the Mott–Seitz model yields the value of 0.22eV for the energy barrier associated with nonradiative decay.
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond is a model quantum system for university teaching labs due to its room-temperature compatibility and cost-effective operation. Based on the low-cost experimental setup that we have developed and described for the coherent control of the electronic spin [Sewani et al., Am. J. Phys. 88, 1156–1169 (2020)], we introduce and explain here a number of more advanced experiments that probe the electron–nuclear interaction between the NV− electronic and the 14N and 13C nuclear spins. Optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringe experiments, and Hahn echo sequences are implemented to demonstrate how the nuclear spins interact with the electron spins. Most experiments only require 15 min of measurement time and, therefore, can be completed within one teaching lab.
We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the 3A2{}^{3}{A}_{2}3A2​ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.
Raman and ODMR Spectroscopy of NV Centers in Nanolayers and Nanopillars of ⟨111⟩\mathbf{{\langle 111\rangle}}⟨111⟩ Diamond after Etching with a Focused Beam of Ga Ions
The spectral characteristics of the optically detected magnetic resonance of negatively charged nitrogen–vacancy (NV −{}^{-}− ) centers in synthetic diamonds and nanopillars on their surface formed by a focused Ga +{}^{+}+ ion beam, when the lower spin sublevels are populated with microwave radiation, are studied. In the course of studies for emerging spin resonances at different values of the external magnetic field, both a significant decrease in the gyromagnetic ratio and a significant drop in the photoluminescence contrast are revealed for the directions of the NV −{}^{-}− centers inclined to the axis of the nanopillars due to residual defects from ion etching recorded on Raman spectra in the form of peaks from amorphous carbon and graphite and the stresses they create.