Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

arXiv:2110.07835 · American Journal of Physics

Observing hyperfine interactions of NV− centers in diamond in an advanced quantum teaching lab

Yang Yang, Hyma Harish Vallabhapurapu, Vikas K. Sewani, Maya Isarov, Hannes R. Firgau, Chris Adambukulam, Brett C. Johnson, Jarryd J. Pla, Arne Laucht

Published Jun 22, 2022• 11 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond is a model quantum system for university teaching labs due to its room-temperature compatibility and cost-effective operation. Based on the low-cost experimental setup that we have developed and described for the coherent control of the electronic spin [Sewani et al., Am. J. Phys. 88, 1156–1169 (2020)], we introduce and explain here a number of more advanced experiments that probe the electron–nuclear interaction between the NV− electronic and the 14N and 13C nuclear spins. Optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringe experiments, and Hahn echo sequences are implemented to demonstrate how the nuclear spins interact with the electron spins. Most experiments only require 15 min of measurement time and, therefore, can be completed within one teaching lab.

DOI
10.1119/5.0075519

Related papers

Coherent control of NV-centers in diamond in a quantum teaching lab

Vikas K. Sewani, Hyma Harish Vallabhapurapu, Yang Yang (45629) +5 more

The room temperature compatibility of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond makes it the ideal quantum system for a university teaching lab. Here, we describe a low-cost experimental setup for coherent control experiments on the electronic spin state of the NV- center. We implement spin-relaxation measurements, optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and dynamical decoupling sequences on an ensemble of NV- centers. The relatively short times required to perform each of these experiments (<10 min) demonstrate the feasibility of the setup in a teaching lab. Learning outcomes include basic understanding of quantum spin systems, magnetic resonance, the rotating frame, Bloch spheres, and pulse sequence development.

•Nov 2, 2024•28 citations

Coherent control of NV− centers in diamond in a quantum teaching lab

Vikas K. Sewani, Hyma H. Vallabhapurapu, Yang Yang +5 more

The room temperature compatibility of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond makes it the ideal quantum system for a university teaching lab. Here, we describe a low-cost experimental setup for coherent control experiments on the electronic spin state of the NV− center. We implement spin-relaxation measurements, optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and dynamical decoupling sequences on an ensemble of NV− centers. The relatively short times required to perform each of these experiments (<10 min) demonstrate the feasibility of the setup in a teaching lab. Learning outcomes include basic understanding of quantum spin systems, magnetic resonance, the rotating frame, Bloch spheres, and pulse sequence development.

arXiv:2004.02643•American Journal of Physics•Nov 19, 2020•38 citations

State Preparation and Metrology of Nitrogen Nuclear Spin in Diamond

Kilhyun Bang

A negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising system for quantum computation and quantum information. It has the diamond structure with a substitutional nitrogen atom and a neighboring vacancy. An electron spin in the NV center has an exceptionally long coherence time at room temperature. Thus the NV center has a potential to realize a room-temperature quantum computer which is more efficient than a classical computer. In this dissertation, we focus on the nitrogen nuclear spin as well as the electron spin in the NV center. Every NV center has the nitrogen nuclear spin. Because of the long coherence time of the nitrogen nuclear spin, it is a good candidate for a quantum memory. Thus it is important to prepare the nitrogen nuclear spin qubit in a given pure state for quantum computation. We provide a theoretical understanding of the popular nuclear spin initialization technique. Furthermore, we propose an optimal condition for the initialization of the nitrogen nuclear spin by including the local strain in the NV center. We expect that this optimal condition can improve the purity of the nuclear spin initialization. We also propose an efficient quantum measurement protocol for the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin and the ¹⁵N nuclear spin in the NV center. A precise knowledge of the hyperfine interaction is important to reduce an error in a coherent control of the ¹⁵N nuclear spin. In this protocol, a sequence of quantum operations with successively increasing duration is utilized to estimate the hyperfine interaction with successively higher precision approaching the quantum metrology limit. Unlike common quantum metrological methods, this protocol does not need the preparation of the nuclear spin in a pure state. In the presence of realistic operation errors and electron spin decoherence, we show the overall precision of our protocol still surpasses the standard quantum limit

•Jan 1, 2012•0 citations

DEVELOPING A STRONGLY INTERACTING NV-DIAMOND QUANTUM MEASUREMENT EXPERIMENT FOR USE IN UNDERGRADUATE TEACHING

Judy Liu, Leo W. Hollberg, Joonhee Choi +1 more

Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a compelling solid-state platform for quantum sensing due to their long coherence times, room-temperature operation, and optical spin readout. Several groups have recently demonstrated that NV centers, capable of running at room temperature, are practical for undergraduate laboratories. However, Stanford currently has no dedicated NV-center teaching lab for physics undergraduates. Here, I (1) design of the experimental apparatus and initially can build from existing resources at Stanford; (2) experimental validation of basic features of optical pumping, optical-microwave double resonance, magnetic sensitivity; (3) time variable quantum state preparation and detection using various optical and microwave pulse sequences to measure coherence times; (4) experimental design and validation of pulse sequences; (5) practical curriculum and syllabus for a 2-3 week laboratory in Physics 106. On the second front, I characterize a strongly interacting NV ensemble in diamond.

•Jun 3, 2026•0 citations

Control of coherence among the spins of a single electron and the three nearest neighbor 13C nuclei of a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond

Takaaki Shimo-Oka, Hiromitsu Kato, Satoshi Yamasaki +4 more

Individual nuclear spins in diamond can be optically detected through hyperfine couplings with the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center; such nuclear spins have outstandingly long coherence times. Among the hyperfine couplings in the NV center, the nearest neighbor 13C nuclear spins have the largest coupling strength. Nearest neighbor 13C nuclear spins have the potential to perform fastest gate operations, providing highest fidelity in quantum computing. Herein, we report on the control of coherences in the NV center where all three nearest neighbor carbons are of the 13C isotope. Coherence among the three and four qubits are generated and analyzed at room temperature.

Applied Physics Letters•Apr 13, 2015•11 citations

Decoherence-protected transitions of nitrogen vacancy centers in 99% 13C-enriched diamond

Anna J. Parker, Haijing Wang, Yiran Li +2 more

Nitrogen vacancy (NV-) color centers in diamond are a prime candidate for use in quantum information devices, owing to their spin-1 ground state, straightforward optical initialization and readout, and long intrinsic coherence times in a room-temperature solid. While the 13C nuclear spin is often a dominant source of magnetic noise, we observe transitions between electron-nuclear hyperfine states of NV- centers in 99% 13C diamond that are robust to decoherence. At magnetic field strengths ranging from 550 - 900 G, these transitions are observable by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), and exhibit linewidths narrowed by factors as high as ~130 at room temperature over typical electron-type transitions observed from this spin system. We anticipate the use of these decoherence-protected transitions, in combination with dynamical decoupling methods, for storage of quantum information.

arXiv:1506.05484•Jun 17, 2015•6 citations
The negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond is a model quantum system for university teaching labs due to its room-temperature compatibility and cost-effective operation. Based on the low-cost experimental setup that we have developed and described for the coherent control of the electronic spin [Sewani et al., Am. J. Phys. 88, 1156–1169 (2020)], we introduce and explain here a number of more advanced experiments that probe the electron–nuclear interaction between the NV− electronic and the 14N and 13C nuclear spins. Optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey fringe experiments, and Hahn echo sequences are implemented to demonstrate how the nuclear spins interact with the electron spins. Most experiments only require 15 min of measurement time and, therefore, can be completed within one teaching lab.
The room temperature compatibility of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) center in diamond makes it the ideal quantum system for a university teaching lab. Here, we describe a low-cost experimental setup for coherent control experiments on the electronic spin state of the NV- center. We implement spin-relaxation measurements, optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and dynamical decoupling sequences on an ensemble of NV- centers. The relatively short times required to perform each of these experiments (<10 min) demonstrate the feasibility of the setup in a teaching lab. Learning outcomes include basic understanding of quantum spin systems, magnetic resonance, the rotating frame, Bloch spheres, and pulse sequence development.
The room temperature compatibility of the negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond makes it the ideal quantum system for a university teaching lab. Here, we describe a low-cost experimental setup for coherent control experiments on the electronic spin state of the NV− center. We implement spin-relaxation measurements, optically detected magnetic resonance, Rabi oscillations, and dynamical decoupling sequences on an ensemble of NV− centers. The relatively short times required to perform each of these experiments (<10 min) demonstrate the feasibility of the setup in a teaching lab. Learning outcomes include basic understanding of quantum spin systems, magnetic resonance, the rotating frame, Bloch spheres, and pulse sequence development.
A negatively-charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a promising system for quantum computation and quantum information. It has the diamond structure with a substitutional nitrogen atom and a neighboring vacancy. An electron spin in the NV center has an exceptionally long coherence time at room temperature. Thus the NV center has a potential to realize a room-temperature quantum computer which is more efficient than a classical computer. In this dissertation, we focus on the nitrogen nuclear spin as well as the electron spin in the NV center. Every NV center has the nitrogen nuclear spin. Because of the long coherence time of the nitrogen nuclear spin, it is a good candidate for a quantum memory. Thus it is important to prepare the nitrogen nuclear spin qubit in a given pure state for quantum computation. We provide a theoretical understanding of the popular nuclear spin initialization technique. Furthermore, we propose an optimal condition for the initialization of the nitrogen nuclear spin by including the local strain in the NV center. We expect that this optimal condition can improve the purity of the nuclear spin initialization. We also propose an efficient quantum measurement protocol for the hyperfine interaction between the electron spin and the ¹⁵N nuclear spin in the NV center. A precise knowledge of the hyperfine interaction is important to reduce an error in a coherent control of the ¹⁵N nuclear spin. In this protocol, a sequence of quantum operations with successively increasing duration is utilized to estimate the hyperfine interaction with successively higher precision approaching the quantum metrology limit. Unlike common quantum metrological methods, this protocol does not need the preparation of the nuclear spin in a pure state. In the presence of realistic operation errors and electron spin decoherence, we show the overall precision of our protocol still surpasses the standard quantum limit
Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a compelling solid-state platform for quantum sensing due to their long coherence times, room-temperature operation, and optical spin readout. Several groups have recently demonstrated that NV centers, capable of running at room temperature, are practical for undergraduate laboratories. However, Stanford currently has no dedicated NV-center teaching lab for physics undergraduates. Here, I (1) design of the experimental apparatus and initially can build from existing resources at Stanford; (2) experimental validation of basic features of optical pumping, optical-microwave double resonance, magnetic sensitivity; (3) time variable quantum state preparation and detection using various optical and microwave pulse sequences to measure coherence times; (4) experimental design and validation of pulse sequences; (5) practical curriculum and syllabus for a 2-3 week laboratory in Physics 106. On the second front, I characterize a strongly interacting NV ensemble in diamond.
Individual nuclear spins in diamond can be optically detected through hyperfine couplings with the electron spin of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center; such nuclear spins have outstandingly long coherence times. Among the hyperfine couplings in the NV center, the nearest neighbor 13C nuclear spins have the largest coupling strength. Nearest neighbor 13C nuclear spins have the potential to perform fastest gate operations, providing highest fidelity in quantum computing. Herein, we report on the control of coherences in the NV center where all three nearest neighbor carbons are of the 13C isotope. Coherence among the three and four qubits are generated and analyzed at room temperature.
Nitrogen vacancy (NV-) color centers in diamond are a prime candidate for use in quantum information devices, owing to their spin-1 ground state, straightforward optical initialization and readout, and long intrinsic coherence times in a room-temperature solid. While the 13C nuclear spin is often a dominant source of magnetic noise, we observe transitions between electron-nuclear hyperfine states of NV- centers in 99% 13C diamond that are robust to decoherence. At magnetic field strengths ranging from 550 - 900 G, these transitions are observable by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR), and exhibit linewidths narrowed by factors as high as ~130 at room temperature over typical electron-type transitions observed from this spin system. We anticipate the use of these decoherence-protected transitions, in combination with dynamical decoupling methods, for storage of quantum information.