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Оптика и спектроскопия

Study of coherent population trapping and AC Stark effect in ensembles of NV-centers in diamond at room temperature in microwave range

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, Л. А. Гущин, I. V. Zelensky, Tatiana G. Mitrofanova, В. А. Низов, Н. А. Низов, Д. А. Собгайда

Published Jan 1, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We study coherent population trapping and AC Stark effect using microwave transitions between the sublevels of the ground state of the NV-center. Sublevels with different projections of the nuclear spin of the nitrogen atom are used to implement the -scheme. Dependence of the characteristics of the coherent population trapping dip on the control field frequency and intensity is studied. Various schemes for observing the AC Stark effect are considered. Keywords: NV-center, coherent population trapping, AC Stark.

DOI
10.21883/eos.2023.01.55518.4211-22

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•Sep 7, 2017•0 citations
We study coherent population trapping and AC Stark effect using microwave transitions between the sublevels of the ground state of the NV-center. Sublevels with different projections of the nuclear spin of the nitrogen atom are used to implement the -scheme. Dependence of the characteristics of the coherent population trapping dip on the control field frequency and intensity is studied. Various schemes for observing the AC Stark effect are considered. Keywords: NV-center, coherent population trapping, AC Stark.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) provides a highly sensitive means for probing the energy-level structure of an atomic system. For a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, the CPT offers an alternative to the standard optically detected magnetic resonance method for measuring the hyperfine structure of the electronic ground states. We show that the nuclear-spin-dependent CPT measures directly the hyperfine splitting of these states due to the 14{}^{14}14N nuclear spin. The CPT spectral response obtained in the presence of a strong microwave field, resonant or nearly resonant with a ground-state spin transition, maps out the dynamic Stark splitting induced by the coherent spin excitation.
We present results of our research on two-field (two-frequency) microwave spectroscopy in nitrogen-vacancy ($\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) color centers in a diamond. Both fields are tuned to transitions between the spin sublevels of the $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ensemble in the 3A2{}^{3}{A}_{2}3A2​ ground state (one field has a fixed frequency while the second one is scanned). Particular attention is focused on the case where two microwave fields drive the same transition between two $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ground state sublevels (${m}_{\mathrm{s}}=0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{m}_{\mathrm{s}}=+1$). In this case, the observed spectra exhibit a complex narrow structure composed of three Lorentzian resonances positioned at the pump-field frequency. The resonance widths and amplitudes depend on the lifetimes of the levels involved in the transition. We attribute the spectra to coherent population oscillations induced by the two nearly degenerate microwave fields, which we have also observed in real time. The observations agree well with a theoretical model and can be useful for investigation of the NV relaxation mechanisms.
The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has emerged as a versatile atom-like system, finding diverse applications at both ambient and cryogenic temperatures. At room temperature, the NV center's spin-triplet electronic ground state has a long coherence time and can be read out and initialized using nonresonant optical excitation, which has enabled a wide range of metrology and quantum information applications. At cryogenic temperatures, the NV center exhibits a variety of narrow, atom-like optical transitions, which has made the NV center a promising platform for quantum optics applications. We use coherent optical manipulation of the NV center at cryogenic temperatures to probe its internal dynamics and aspects of its interactions with its environment.\nFirst, we investigate the intersystem crossing (ISC) process, which is a spin-dependent nonradiative decay mechanism that enables the electronic spin state to be optically initialized and read out at room temperature. We measure the ISC rates from different excited states as well as the rate at which interactions with phonons redistribute population between these states. Based on these measurements, we develop a theoretical model that unifies the phonon-induced mixing and ISC mechanisms. We find that our model is in excellent agreement with experiment and that it can be used to predict unknown elements of the NV center's electronic structure.\nSecond, we investigate a novel method of using coherent optical manipulation of the NV center's electronic spin to control a nearby nuclear spin. Coherent interactions between the NV center and nearby nuclear spins have enabled the development of NV center-based, multi-qubit quantum registers, but these techniques have generally required the application of microwave or radio-frequency radiation. We demonstrate control of the nuclear spin using an all-optical Raman technique and theoretically evaluate the extent to which the intrinsic physics of the NV center limits the coherence of this Raman-based manipulation technique.