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Optics and Spectroscopy

Observation of Coherent Population Oscillations in NV Centers in Diamond in the Microwave Spectral Range

Ахмеджанов Ринат Абдулхаевич, Л. А. Гущин, I. V. Zelenskii, В. А. Низов, Н. А. Низов, Д. А. Собгайда

Published Mar 1, 2021• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We report the results of experiments on observation of specific features in the spectrum of optically detected magnetic resonance in ensembles of NV centers in diamond at room temperature upon excitation of low-frequency transitions by dual-frequency and amplitude-modulated single frequency microwave radiation. The dependence of parameters of these specific features on intensity of optical radiation and power of microwave radiation is investigated.

DOI
10.1134/s0030400x21030024

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•Sep 15, 2023•1 citation
Abstract We report the results of experiments on observation of specific features in the spectrum of optically detected magnetic resonance in ensembles of NV centers in diamond at room temperature upon excitation of low-frequency transitions by dual-frequency and amplitude-modulated single frequency microwave radiation. The dependence of parameters of these specific features on intensity of optical radiation and power of microwave radiation is investigated.
We study coherent population trapping and AC Stark effect using microwave transitions between the sublevels of the ground state of the NV-center. Sublevels with different projections of the nuclear spin of the nitrogen atom are used to implement the -scheme. Dependence of the characteristics of the coherent population trapping dip on the control field frequency and intensity is studied. Various schemes for observing the AC Stark effect are considered. Keywords: NV-center, coherent population trapping, AC Stark.
Abstract Multiple-microwave-photon transition is a nonlinear process involving the simultaneous absorption of multiple microwave photons to reach a higher energy state. This phenomenon enables microwave frequency conversion, a crucial technique for spin-wave devices, frequency synthesizers and communication devices. However, it has not been observed in nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds, which serve as a key quantum platform linking flying qubits, microwave photons, and solid-state spins. In this work, we first observed multiple-microwave-photon transitions in NV centers in diamonds, using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) methods with a single laser and microwave beam. We demonstrate that microwave frequencies, effective g-factor, and angular momentum exhibit a 1/n scaling law, but the linewidth exhibits a 1/n^2 scaling law for n-photon transitions between the ground states. Additionally, we detect the hyperfine structure of the ground states and achieve coherent spin manipulation under multi-photon excitation. Our findings offer a novel approach for the precise manipulation of NV center spin states, advancing quantum sensing and quantum information.
We study optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in diamond ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers at cryogenic temperatures. We find that when we use resonant optical excitation at zero phonon line wavelength, turning on microwave radiation leads to an increase in fluorescence. This is different from the conventional case of nonresonant optical pumping where microwave radiation instead leads to a decrease in fluorescence. In addition, we observe a significant increase in contrast compared to the nonresonant ODMR. To explain this effect, we propose a theoretical model based on the interaction of the resonant optical radiation with different groups from the inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of ${\mathrm{NV}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ centers. We find that the effect is temperature dependant and can only be observed at temperatures below 35 K.
We propose an original analog method to perform instantaneous and quantitative spectral analysis of microwave signals. An ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers held in a diamond plate is pumped by a 532 nm laser. Its photoluminescence is imaged through an optical microscope and monitored by a digital camera. An incoming microwave signal is converted into a microwave field in the area of the NV centers by a loop shaped antenna. The resonances induced by the magnetic component of that field are detected through a decrease of the NV centers photoluminescence. A magnetic field gradient induces a Zeeman shift of the resonances and transforms the frequency information into spatial information, which allows for the simultaneous analysis of the microwave signal in the entire frequency bandwidth of the device. The time dependent spectral analysis of an amplitude modulated microwave signal is demonstrated over a bandwidth of 600 MHz, associated to a frequency resolution of 7 MHz , and a refresh rate of 4 ms. With such integration time, a field of a few hundreds of μW can be detected. Since the optical properties of NV centers can be maintained even in high magnetic field, we estimate that an optimized device could allow frequency analysis in a range of 30 GHz, only limited by the amplitude of the magnetic field gradient. In addition, an increase of the NV centers quantity could lead both to an increase of the microwave sensitivity and to a decrease of the minimum refresh rate down to a few μs.
Using continuous wave optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR), diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has been widely used in magnetic field measurement at the experimental stage. Microwave and laser power have significant influence on the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. A set of confocal magnetic field detection system based on the ensemble of NV center is established. By adjusting the microwave and laser power, it is observed that the contrast and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ODMR spectra change obviously. The experiment indicates that the contrast has a maximum value under the change of microwave and laser power, while the FWHM is mainly dominated by microwave power at low light intensity. Adjusting the microwave power to obtain an applicable FWHM, then reducing the laser power appropriately, the light narrowing phenomenon could be observed, and the operation above could improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement effectively.