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Effects of Microwave and Laser Power on Optical Detection Magnetic Resonance of Diamond Nitrogen Vacancy Center

Qiang Song, Yang Lu, Dingqu Zhang, Sanlei Dang, Likun Xing, Jing Liu

Published Sep 15, 2023• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Using continuous wave optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR), diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has been widely used in magnetic field measurement at the experimental stage. Microwave and laser power have significant influence on the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. A set of confocal magnetic field detection system based on the ensemble of NV center is established. By adjusting the microwave and laser power, it is observed that the contrast and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ODMR spectra change obviously. The experiment indicates that the contrast has a maximum value under the change of microwave and laser power, while the FWHM is mainly dominated by microwave power at low light intensity. Adjusting the microwave power to obtain an applicable FWHM, then reducing the laser power appropriately, the light narrowing phenomenon could be observed, and the operation above could improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement effectively.

DOI
10.1109/epee59859.2023.10351823

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Using continuous wave optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR), diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center has been widely used in magnetic field measurement at the experimental stage. Microwave and laser power have significant influence on the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement. A set of confocal magnetic field detection system based on the ensemble of NV center is established. By adjusting the microwave and laser power, it is observed that the contrast and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the ODMR spectra change obviously. The experiment indicates that the contrast has a maximum value under the change of microwave and laser power, while the FWHM is mainly dominated by microwave power at low light intensity. Adjusting the microwave power to obtain an applicable FWHM, then reducing the laser power appropriately, the light narrowing phenomenon could be observed, and the operation above could improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement effectively.
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This article proposed a microwave (MW) detection method by utilizing the effect of the dual MW on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. We established a theoretical model of dual MW superposition and experimentally discovered the unusual peak in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectrum. The peak frequency and the full-width at half-maximum of the unusual peak, as well as fluorescence intensity in the nonresonant frequency range of the ODMR spectrum, were systematically analyzed to obtain the frequency and amplitude of the measured MW signals. The broadband MW detection was realized in a wide range of 2240–4512 MHz by utilizing the linear relation between the magnetic field and the resonant frequency in the Zeeman splitting. The experiments showed that the minimum detection power was up to 1μ\muμW. The proposed approach can greatly improve the practicability of detecting MW fields on chip surfaces by quantum engineering techniques.
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High-resolution wide-spectrum measurement techniques have important applications in fields such as astronomy, wireless communication, and medical imaging. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is well known for its high stability, high sensitivity, real-time monitoring, single-point detection, and suitability for long-term measurement, and has an outstanding choice for spectrum analyzers. Currently, spectrum analyzers based on NV centers as detectors can perform real-time spectrum analysis in the range of several tens of gigahertz, but their frequency resolution is limited to a MHz level. In this study, we construct a quantum diamond microwave spectrum imaging system by combining continuous wave-mixing techniques. According to the spin-related properties of the NV center in diamond, we implement optical pumping by 532 nm green laser light illuminating the diamond NV center. A spherical magnet is used to produce a magnetic field gradient along the direction of the diamond crystal. By adjusting the size and direction of the magnetic field gradient, spatial encoding of the resonance frequency of the NV center is achieved. The magnetic field gradient induces the Zeeman effect on the diamond surface at different positions, generating corresponding ODMR signals. Through accurate programming, we coordinate the frequency scanning step size of the microwave source with the camera exposure and image storage time, and synchronize them circularly according to the order of image acquisition. Ultimately, after algorithmic processing, we successfully obtain comprehensive spectrum data in a range from 900 MHz to 6.0 GHz. Within the measurable spectrum range, the system employs continuous wave-mixing, simultaneously applying resonant microwaves and slightly detuning auxiliary microwaves to effectively excite the NV center. This method triggers off microwave interference effects, disrupting the balance between laser-induced polarization and microwave-induced spontaneous relaxation. Specifically, microwave interference causes the phase and amplitude of the fluorescence signal to change, leading to the generation of alternating current fluorescence signals. This further enhances the response of the NV magnetometer to weak microwave signals. The method enables the system to achieve a frequency resolution of 1 Hz in the measurable spectrum range, and it can separately measure the frequency resolution of multiple frequency points with a frequency step size of 1 MHz. The research results indicate that the wide-spectrum measurement based on NV centers can achieve sub-hertz frequency resolution, providing robust technical support for future spectrum analysis and applications.
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