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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Plasmon-induced quantum interference near an L-shaped nanostructure

Yanan Pei, Zhichao Li, Qi Liu, Lingxiao Shan, Ying Gu, Rongcao Yang

Published May 1, 2023• 2 citations

Abstract

In the near-field region of a metallic slab or metallic nanosphere, quantum interference caused by anisotropic spontaneous emission in a multilevel quantum system is a hot research topic. The research on the influence of an anisotropic plasmon nanostructure on quantum interference is expected to open the door for tunability of quantum interference. In this paper, we study an L-shaped plasmon nanostructure, which can provide a high degree of quantum interference for a three-level V-type atom. The research shows that the degree of quantum interference greatly depends on the atomic position and the separation between the atom and the nanostructure. By adjusting the atomic position, tunable peak positions and linewidths of the Mollow triplet can be achieved caused by quantum interference. The proposed system is highly versatile and has potential application in quantum single photon source and some active nanodevices.

DOI: 10.1364/josab.488437

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In the near-field region of a metallic slab or metallic nanosphere, quantum interference caused by anisotropic spontaneous emission in a multilevel quantum system is a hot research topic. The research on the influence of an anisotropic plasmon nanostructure on quantum interference is expected to open the door for tunability of quantum interference. In this paper, we study an L-shaped plasmon nanostructure, which can provide a high degree of quantum interference for a three-level V-type atom. The research shows that the degree of quantum interference greatly depends on the atomic position and the separation between the atom and the nanostructure. By adjusting the atomic position, tunable peak positions and linewidths of the Mollow triplet can be achieved caused by quantum interference. The proposed system is highly versatile and has potential application in quantum single photon source and some active nanodevices.

We show that the quantum interference between two spontaneous emission channels can be greatly enhanced when a three-level V-type atom is placed near plasmonic nanostructures such as metallic slabs, nanospheres, or periodic arrays of metal-coated spheres. The spontaneous emission rate is calculated by a rigorous first-principles electromagnetic Green's tensor technique. The enhancement of quantum interference is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surface of the nanostructure at the excitation frequencies of surface plasmons.

It has been recently shown that the placement of a three-level

\mathsf{V}

-type quantum emitter in the proximity of metallic nanostructures can create dynamics similar to that of quantum interference in spontaneous emission. Here we continue this work and present results on the population dynamics of a three-level V-type quantum emitter for various initial conditions in the presence of a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres.

A five-level atomic system is proposed in vicinity of a two-dimensional (2D) plasmonic nanostructure with application in atom-photon entanglement. The behavior of the atom-photon entanglement is discussed with and without a control laser field. The amount of atom-photon entanglement is controlled by the quantum interference created by the plasmonic nanostructure. Thus, the degree of atom-photon entanglement is affected by the atomic distance from the plasmonic nanostructure. In the presence of a control field, maximum entanglement between the atom and its spontaneous emission field is observed.

We study theoretically the effects of the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure on free-space spontaneous emission in a four-level quantum system, where one

\mathsf{V}

-type transition is influenced by the interaction with surface plasmons and the other

\mathsf{V}

-type transition occurs in free space. The plasmonic nanostructure that we consider is a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the spectrum of spontaneous emission in the free-space modes is strongly influenced by the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, and we explore the dependence of the spectrum on different initial conditions of the quantum system and on the distance from the nanostructure.

The mechanism of using the anisotropic Purcell factor to control the spontaneous emission linewidths in a four-level atom is theoretically demonstrated; if the polarization angle bisector of the two dipole moments lies along the axis of large/small Purcell factor, destructive/constructive interference narrows/widens the fluorescence center spectral lines. Large anisotropy of the Purcell factor, confined in the subwavelength optical mode volume, leads to rapid spectral line narrowing of atom approaching a metallic nanowire, nanoscale line width pulsing following periodically varying decay rates near a periodic metallic nanostructure, and dramatic modification on the spontaneous emission spectrum near a custom-designed resonant plasmon nanostructure. The combined system opens a good perspective for applications in ultracompact active quantum devices.

The spontaneous decay and quantum interference of a

\mathsf{V}

-type Zeeman atom placed near a $\ensuremath{\mu}$-negative metamaterial (MNG) slab are investigated. Based on the fact that MNG slab supports only TE-polarized surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) modes, the decay rate of the dipole component parallel to the interface would be much larger than that normal to the interface, because one can couple while another decouple to TE modes. Consequently, high-level anisotropic environment is created and the two dipoles can interfere with each other strongly by sharing such SPP modes even if they are orthogonal. In our work, we analyze the influence of the parameters of the MNG slab as well as the atomic location on the interference intensity in detail. In addition, the dissipation of the slab is considered, and the quantum interference is still excellent even with large absorption.