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Physical Review A

Modifying free-space spontaneous emission near a plasmonic nanostructure

Sofia Evangelou, Vassilios Yannopapas, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Feb 23, 2011• 73 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study theoretically the effects of the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure on free-space spontaneous emission in a four-level quantum system, where one $\mathsf{V}$-type transition is influenced by the interaction with surface plasmons and the other $\mathsf{V}$-type transition occurs in free space. The plasmonic nanostructure that we consider is a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the spectrum of spontaneous emission in the free-space modes is strongly influenced by the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, and we explore the dependence of the spectrum on different initial conditions of the quantum system and on the distance from the nanostructure.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.83.023819

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We study theoretically the effects of a plasmonic nanostructure on the linear absorption and dispersion spectrum of a four-level double- V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum system. In the quantum system under study one V\mathsf{V}V-type transition is influenced by the interaction with surface plasmons while the other V\mathsf{V}V-type transition interacts with free-space vacuum. As plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We analyze the optical properties of a linearly polarized laser field that couples the lowest state with the upper states in the free-space transitions. We show that, due to the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, effects of optical transparency are created. These effects are also complemented by the existence of slow light.
We present a theoretical study for the Kerr nonlinearity of a four-level double-V-type quantum system near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. In the quantum system under study one V-type transition is influenced by the interaction with surface plasmons while the other V-type transition interacts with free-space vacuum. The quantum system interacts with a linearly polarized weak laser field that couples the lowest state with the upper states in the free-space transitions. We show that the Kerr nonlinearity is strongly influenced by the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure and is particularly sensitive to the distance between the quantum system and the plasmonic nanostructure.
We present a theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence of a four-level double-V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter near a plasmonic nanostructure. The quantum system interacts with two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency and intensity, but with different phases. For the plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to strong modification of both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the transition from antibunching to bunching for the fluorescent photons. In addition, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation function are strongly phase-dependent so that the relative phase of laser fields can be used for the efficient control of the resonance fluorescence characteristics. The results are explained by using a dressed-state picture.
It has been recently shown that the placement of a three-level V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter in the proximity of metallic nanostructures can create dynamics similar to that of quantum interference in spontaneous emission. Here we continue this work and present results on the population dynamics of a three-level V-type quantum emitter for various initial conditions in the presence of a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres.
We show that the quantum interference between two spontaneous emission channels can be greatly enhanced when a three-level V-type atom is placed near plasmonic nanostructures such as metallic slabs, nanospheres, or periodic arrays of metal-coated spheres. The spontaneous emission rate is calculated by a rigorous first-principles electromagnetic Green's tensor technique. The enhancement of quantum interference is attributed to the strong dependence of the spontaneous emission rate on the orientation of an atomic dipole relative to the surface of the nanostructure at the excitation frequencies of surface plasmons.
We present results on the controlled dynamics of an externally driven four-level quantum emitter coupled to a plasmonic metamaterial, specifically a periodic two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. For the study of the system's dynamics, we combine the density matrix approach for the quantum emitter with ab initio electromagnetic calculations for the plasmonic nanostructure. We then present results for the time evolution of the populations of the different levels of the quantum emitter in both the presence and the absence of the plasmonic nanostructure. The dependence of the population dynamics to different distances of the quantum emitter from the plasmonic nanostructure is also studied.