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Polariton Squeezing in Semiconductor Microcavities

Jean‐Philippe Karr, A. Baas, R. Houdré, E. Giacobino

Published May 6, 2003• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report squeezed polariton generation using parametric polariton four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in thestrong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to abistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in orderto optimize the measured squeezing. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 9 percent squeezing on thepolariton field close to the bistability turning point.

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We report squeezed polariton generation using parametric polariton four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in thestrong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to abistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in orderto optimize the measured squeezing. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 9 percent squeezing on thepolariton field close to the bistability turning point.
We report squeezed light generation using four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to a bistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in order to optimize the measured squeezing which is observed close to the bistability turning point. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 66%6 squeezing on the internal mode field which is a part-light, part-matter field.
Summary form only given. In a recent paper [1] it has been shown how a bichromatic fast driving of optomechanical (optical domain) and superconducting circuit systems (microwave domain), operating in a limit where they present a non-linear Kerr-type interaction, can give rise to very strong vacuum squeezing. The driving with two close frequencies of a Kerr cavity changes the usual bistability bifurcation behaviour that takes place under monochromatic driving, into a degenerate four-wave mixing bifurcation, where a phase-bistable component starts oscillating spontaneously at a frequency that lies halfway between the two driving frequencies [2]. This resembles the physics of the optical parametric oscillator threshold, devices that has produced experimentally the strongest squeezing up to now. Associated to this bifurcation there is a strong reduction of the quantum fluctuations for a given quadrature of the electromagnetic field, resulting in vacuum squeezing, the reduction takes place at the central non-injected frequency.Here we show the application of this bichromatic driving protocol to a semiconductor micro-cavity system [3,4], where the nonlinear interaction between photons is caused through the excitons induced at the semiconductor embedded in the optical cavity.
Investigations of quantum effects in semiconductor quantum-well microcavities interacting with laser light in the strong-coupling regime are presented. Modifications of quantum fluctuations of the outgoing light are expected due to the non-linearity originating from coherent exciton–exciton scattering. In the strong-coupling regime, this scattering translates into a four-wave mixing interaction between the mixed exciton–photon states, the polaritons. Squeezing and giant amplification of the polariton field and of the outgoing light field fluctuations are predicted. However, polariton–phonon scattering is shown to yield excess noise in the output field, which may destroy the non-classical effects. Experiments demonstrate evidence for giant amplification due to coherent four-wave mixing of polaritons. Noise reduction below the thermal noise level was also observed.
Nonlinear optical effects such as four-wave mixing and generation of squeezed light are ubiquitous in optical devices and light sources. For new devices operating at low optical power, the resonant nonlinearity arising from the two-photon sensitive bound biexciton in a semiconductor microcavity is an interesting prospective platform. Due to the particularly strong Coulomb interaction in atomically thin semiconductors, these materials have strongly bound biexcitons and operate in the visible frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. To remove the strong pump laser from the generated light in optical devices or to simultaneously excite nondegenerate polaritons, a bichromatic-pump configuration with two spectrally separated pump lasers is desirable. In this paper, we theoretically investigate spontaneous four-wave mixing and quadrature-squeezing in a bichromatically pumped atomically thin semiconductor microcavity. We explore two different configurations that support degenerate and nondegenerate scattering from polaritons into bound biexcitons, respectively. We find that these configurations lead to the generation of strongly single- and two-mode quadrature-squeezed light.
We theoretically investigate the squeezing of light by the interaction between a biexciton and cavity polaritons. As a model system, we consider a CuCl-quantum-well microcavity in which a biexciton can stably exist. An effective biexciton-polariton coupled state can be formed by controlling the polariton level structure by modifying the quantum-well thickness. We analyze in detail the nonlinear optical response obtained from the coupled state, and evaluate the light squeezing by directly calculating the variance of quantum noise in the output field, in terms of the dependence of the squeezing on the incident light intensity. We clarify an optimal condition yielding maximum squeezing and show that squeezing is enhanced by utilizing biexciton nonlinearity, compared with the squeezing achieved in a system having no biexciton.