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Physical Review B

Light squeezing via a biexciton in a semiconductor microcavity

Hisaki Oka, Hiroshi Ajiki

Published Jan 21, 2011• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We theoretically investigate the squeezing of light by the interaction between a biexciton and cavity polaritons. As a model system, we consider a CuCl-quantum-well microcavity in which a biexciton can stably exist. An effective biexciton-polariton coupled state can be formed by controlling the polariton level structure by modifying the quantum-well thickness. We analyze in detail the nonlinear optical response obtained from the coupled state, and evaluate the light squeezing by directly calculating the variance of quantum noise in the output field, in terms of the dependence of the squeezing on the incident light intensity. We clarify an optimal condition yielding maximum squeezing and show that squeezing is enhanced by utilizing biexciton nonlinearity, compared with the squeezing achieved in a system having no biexciton.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.83.045305

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We theoretically investigate the squeezing of light by the interaction between a biexciton and cavity polaritons. As a model system, we consider a CuCl-quantum-well microcavity in which a biexciton can stably exist. An effective biexciton-polariton coupled state can be formed by controlling the polariton level structure by modifying the quantum-well thickness. We analyze in detail the nonlinear optical response obtained from the coupled state, and evaluate the light squeezing by directly calculating the variance of quantum noise in the output field, in terms of the dependence of the squeezing on the incident light intensity. We clarify an optimal condition yielding maximum squeezing and show that squeezing is enhanced by utilizing biexciton nonlinearity, compared with the squeezing achieved in a system having no biexciton.
In this paper, we investigate the nonlinear optical properties and photon correlations in a cavity containing quantum wells and interacting with a third-order nonlinear medium. More precisely, we study the interaction of the photonic Kerr nonlinearity with polariton and dipolariton quasiparticles in thermal environments. The optical bistability, the intensity spectrum, and the squeezing spectrum of the transmitted radiation are analyzed. It is shown that the regime of the bistability is reached in the dipolariton cavity faster than attained by the polariton system. Furthermore, the increase of the coupling with the wells reduces the squeezing. More interestingly, it turns out that the additional interactions arising in the dipolariton cavity, between direct and indirect excitons, slow down the variation of the squeezing. As a consequence, dipolaritons offer a greater margin of squeezed light than polaritons, and also than the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)}$ medium in the absence of quantum wells. Moreover, the dipolariton system is found to be much more robust against the bath temperature in the weak-coupling regime.
Investigations of quantum effects in semiconductor quantum-well microcavities interacting with laser light in the strong-coupling regime are presented. Modifications of quantum fluctuations of the outgoing light are expected due to the non-linearity originating from coherent exciton–exciton scattering. In the strong-coupling regime, this scattering translates into a four-wave mixing interaction between the mixed exciton–photon states, the polaritons. Squeezing and giant amplification of the polariton field and of the outgoing light field fluctuations are predicted. However, polariton–phonon scattering is shown to yield excess noise in the output field, which may destroy the non-classical effects. Experiments demonstrate evidence for giant amplification due to coherent four-wave mixing of polaritons. Noise reduction below the thermal noise level was also observed.
We report squeezed polariton generation using parametric polariton four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in thestrong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to abistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in orderto optimize the measured squeezing. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 9 percent squeezing on thepolariton field close to the bistability turning point.
Nonlinear optical effects such as four-wave mixing and generation of squeezed light are ubiquitous in optical devices and light sources. For new devices operating at low optical power, the resonant nonlinearity arising from the two-photon sensitive bound biexciton in a semiconductor microcavity is an interesting prospective platform. Due to the particularly strong Coulomb interaction in atomically thin semiconductors, these materials have strongly bound biexcitons and operate in the visible frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. To remove the strong pump laser from the generated light in optical devices or to simultaneously excite nondegenerate polaritons, a bichromatic-pump configuration with two spectrally separated pump lasers is desirable. In this paper, we theoretically investigate spontaneous four-wave mixing and quadrature-squeezing in a bichromatically pumped atomically thin semiconductor microcavity. We explore two different configurations that support degenerate and nondegenerate scattering from polaritons into bound biexcitons, respectively. We find that these configurations lead to the generation of strongly single- and two-mode quadrature-squeezed light.
Squeezed light is a particularly useful quantum resource, which finds broad applications in quantum information processing, quantum metrology and sensing, and biological measurements. Here we show how to produce squeezed light exploiting the strong exciton–phonon nonlinear interaction in a semiconductor microcavity. The semiconductor microcavity is embedded with a quantum well, which supports both linear and nonlinear interactions among excitons, phonons, and cavity photons. We show that the strong exciton–phonon deformation potential interaction can induce a quadrature-squeezed cavity output field, and further reveal an important role of the exciton–photon coupling in engineering the squeezing spectrum and improving the robustness of the squeezing against thermal noise. Our results indicate that substantial optical squeezing in a broad band, up to tens of gigahertz, can be achieved using currently available parameters.
Nonlinear optical response of cavity polaritons formed in high-g semiconductor microcavities has attracted much attention because of their potential applications to entangled-photon sources and other quantum information technologies. Theoretical ideas of entangled-photon generation, e.g., biexcitonic cavity quantum electrodynamics and polariton-polariton scattering, have been suggested, however these theories are limited in scope of target because they restrict two-exciton states to either biexciton or unbound two-exciton states. As for exciton system with small binding energy of biexciton, it is likely that the interplay between the biexciton and unbound two-exciton states have much impact on generation efficiency of entangled photons. The authors introduces a general model including both biexciton and unbound two-exciton states and discuss generation efficiency of entangled photons.