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arXiv:cond-mat/0305106 · Physical Review A

Squeezing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong-coupling regime

Jean‐Philippe Karr, A. Baas, R. Houdré, E. Giacobino

Published Mar 15, 2004• 117 citations
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Abstract

We report squeezed light generation using four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to a bistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in order to optimize the measured squeezing which is observed close to the bistability turning point. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a $6%$ squeezing on the internal mode field which is a part-light, part-matter field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.69.031802

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We report squeezed light generation using four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in the strong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to a bistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in order to optimize the measured squeezing which is observed close to the bistability turning point. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 66%6 squeezing on the internal mode field which is a part-light, part-matter field.
We report squeezed polariton generation using parametric polariton four-wave mixing in semiconductor microcavities in thestrong coupling regime. The geometry of the experiment corresponds to degenerate four-wave mixing, which gives rise to abistability threshold. Spatial effects in the nonlinear regime are evidenced, and spatial filtering is required in orderto optimize the measured squeezing. By measuring the noise of the outgoing light, we infer a 9 percent squeezing on thepolariton field close to the bistability turning point.
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Nonlinear optical effects such as four-wave mixing and generation of squeezed light are ubiquitous in optical devices and light sources. For new devices operating at low optical power, the resonant nonlinearity arising from the two-photon sensitive bound biexciton in a semiconductor microcavity is an interesting prospective platform. Due to the particularly strong Coulomb interaction in atomically thin semiconductors, these materials have strongly bound biexcitons and operate in the visible frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. To remove the strong pump laser from the generated light in optical devices or to simultaneously excite nondegenerate polaritons, a bichromatic-pump configuration with two spectrally separated pump lasers is desirable. In this paper, we theoretically investigate spontaneous four-wave mixing and quadrature-squeezing in a bichromatically pumped atomically thin semiconductor microcavity. We explore two different configurations that support degenerate and nondegenerate scattering from polaritons into bound biexcitons, respectively. We find that these configurations lead to the generation of strongly single- and two-mode quadrature-squeezed light.
Investigations of quantum effects in semiconductor quantum-well microcavities interacting with laser light in the strong-coupling regime are presented. Modifications of quantum fluctuations of the outgoing light are expected due to the non-linearity originating from coherent exciton–exciton scattering. In the strong-coupling regime, this scattering translates into a four-wave mixing interaction between the mixed exciton–photon states, the polaritons. Squeezing and giant amplification of the polariton field and of the outgoing light field fluctuations are predicted. However, polariton–phonon scattering is shown to yield excess noise in the output field, which may destroy the non-classical effects. Experiments demonstrate evidence for giant amplification due to coherent four-wave mixing of polaritons. Noise reduction below the thermal noise level was also observed.
The possibility of generating light in a squeezed quantum state during saturated light amplification in a semiconductor amplifier is theoretically analyzed. Due to four-wave mixing process during amplification, weak components of the spontaneous emission of the medium with symmetric frequency shifts relative to the strong amplified wave acquire the quantum properties of two-mode squeezed light. The squeezing of quadrature components occurs in the range of frequency shifts of several GHz (∼\sim∼ the inverse relaxation time of the charge carrier density) and can reach 10 dB or more under optimal conditions. The formation of a two-mode squeezing phase facilitates the observation of the squeezing effect, in which a strong wave, playing the role of a local wave, exhibits quadrature noise suppression without additional homodyne detection.
Phase dependent nonlinear optical processes can make large fractional changes in the phase and amplitude of an optical field. An example is the prediction(1) that four-wave-mixing can generate squeezed states of an optical field where the variance in the two quadratures of the field are unequal. In order to observe squeezed states and utilize them in interferometric measurements this inequality in variances must be large (e.g. ≳ 50%). The large phase shifts required to achieve this regime of squeezing can be obtained near the threshold for oscillation of four-wave-mixing in an optical cavity. (2) This paper describes an experimental study(3) of four-wave-mixing in a cavity near threshold using the nonlinear index of the Na atomic resonance.