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Optical Computing

High-Speed Storage of Wavelength-Multiplexed Volume Spectral Holograms

Xiao A. Shen, Yu Bai, Ravinder Kachru

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

One of the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to write and read data in a bit-parallel format, giving rise to theoretically very high (in excess of 1 Gbps) data transfer rates. However, such a potential has not been demonstrated experimentally because of various inherent technical difficulties associated with existing optical storage techniques. In a photorefractive or a persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) memory, for example, the time required to record one page varies from a fraction of a second to several seconds.1-3 For a page containing 1000 × 1000 bits of data, it translates to a bandwidth of approximately 1 Mbps, substantially slower than any existing semiconductor memories.

DOI
10.1364/optcomp.1995.owa5

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One of the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to write and read data in a bit-parallel format, giving rise to theoretically very high (in excess of 1 Gbps) data transfer rates. However, such a potential has not been demonstrated experimentally because of various inherent technical difficulties associated with existing optical storage techniques. In a photorefractive or a persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) memory, for example, the time required to record one page varies from a fraction of a second to several seconds.1-3 For a page containing 1000 × 1000 bits of data, it translates to a bandwidth of approximately 1 Mbps, substantially slower than any existing semiconductor memories.
One of the unique and perhaps the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to store and retrieve information in a bit-parallel format.1-3 Recently, we have proposed a new scheme for parallel data storage in TDOM.4,5 This scheme was proven to be practical and can be implemented with existing technologies. In a proof-of-principle experiment, four wavelength-multiplexed single-page volume spectral holograms, generated with black-and-white transparencies, were successfully stored in a single spatial location at a speed of approximately 23 μs/frame. The experimental results project system's input/output bandwidth to exceed 40 Gbps, two orders of magnitude faster than a semiconductor cache memory.
The use of holography is attractive for optical data storage due to its poten­tial for implementing page oriented data storage systems. However, multiplexed recording using Bragg selective materials has not provided a large enough stor­age capability to justify the expense of these systems. Persistent spectral hole burning holography allows multiplexed recording using much smaller wavelength separations between the holograms, and hence dramatically increases the storage capacity possible in holographic memory systems [1]. A comparison between the wavelength selectivity obtained for transmission gratings recorded using hole burning in a dye doped polymer film versus Bragg selectivity in a 1 cm thick iron-doped lithium niobate crystal is shown in Fig. (1).
Summary form only given. One of the unique and perhaps the most attractive features of an optical memory is its ability to store and retrieve information in a bit-parallel format. Recently, we have proposed a new scheme for parallel data storage in TDOM. This scheme was proven to be practical and can be implemented with existing technologies. In a proof-of-principle experiment, four wavelength-multiplexed single-page volume spectral holograms, generated with black-and-white transparencies, were successfully stored in a single spatial location at a speed of approximately 23 /spl mu/s/frame. The experimental results project system's input/output bandwidth to exceed 40 Gbps, two orders of magnitude faster than a semiconductor cache memory. Here, we report on the use of the proposed scheme to demonstrate the storage of a large number of spectral holograms in a Eu/sup 3+/-doped Y/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ crystal.
We are developing a high density, high speed optical memory, using rare-earth doped hole- burning materials. These materials are theoretically capable of achieving storage densities of 1000 Gigabits/cm3 at input/output (I/O) rates of several gigabits/sec. One remarkable attribute of this storage concept is that both the temporal and spatial information encoded on a laser beam can be stored. Because both the temporal and spatial information can be stored, digital data can be recorded serially as a data or packet stream as well as holographically using the page format. During the past year we have achieved a breakthrough in demonstrating random access holographic data storage at high frame rates. Five hundred holograms were stored and retrieved with very good fidelity at 30 Hz (video rate). Each holographic image with 512 multiplied by 488 pixels could be randomly accessed during the storage and retrieval process. This frame rate is the highest demonstrated frame rate for any optical technique. This breakthrough was achieved through the invention of a memory architecture that allows multiple holographic frames to be stored without any mechanical beam scanning. In this new architecture multiplexing of 500 holograms was achieved by stepping the laser frequency over a range covered by high speed acousto-optic modulators (AOM).
Optical devices have been slower to mature than those based purely on electronics. Yet optical interactions offer a number of unique capabilities expected to support entirely new classes of devices-devices offering unprecedented performance in communications, computing, and data storage applications. In the present work, optical devices based on the interaction of light with frequency-selective recording materials are discussed. A frequency-selective recording material has the capability of supporting multiple independent recording channels. Each channel is addressed by light within a specific narrow band of optical frequencies. In some materials, operative at cryogenic temperatures, millions of distinct spectral channels are available. Through the mechanism of persistent spectral hole-burning, light can be employed to transiently or even permanently modify the absorptive or dispersive properties of the recording material within a selected channel. Such modifications provide a means of recording multiple bits of optical information within single spatial locations. Spectral multiplexing of information has clear potential in information storage systems. Less obviously, the ability to spectrally encode information provides an enabling basis for ultrahigh speed, content-controlled, all-optical switching devices operable at data speeds up to the Terabit/sec level.