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Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications

Optical Modelling of Neural Networks as a Realization of Spectral Hole Burning Distributed Data Storage

Karl K. Rebane

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optimistic estimates put the limits for PSHB storage up to 1012 bits per cm2 (i.e. 104 spectral holes per each diffraction limited surface pixel of the size of λ·λ=10-8 cm2, λ- wavelength) or 1016 bits per cm3 for a volume storage memory (cell size λ·λ·λ=1012 cm3). Energy transfer between impurities destroys the storage. Interaction is absent at low concentrations, however, the latter may result in critical decrease of the number of impurity moleculess available to burn a hole at a fixed wavelength at a fixed spatial spot. If we assume concentration of non-interacting impurities 1018 molecules per cm3, and the storage density of 1012 bits per cm2 or 1016 bits per cm3, there is only 100 molecules on average to store one bit of information. It is a too small amount because of the fluctuations of the number of molecules per cell [1,2] and references therein.

DOI
10.1364/shbl.1992.thb2

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Optimistic estimates put the limits for PSHB storage up to 1012 bits per cm2 (i.e. 104 spectral holes per each diffraction limited surface pixel of the size of λ·λ=10-8 cm2, λ- wavelength) or 1016 bits per cm3 for a volume storage memory (cell size λ·λ·λ=1012 cm3). Energy transfer between impurities destroys the storage. Interaction is absent at low concentrations, however, the latter may result in critical decrease of the number of impurity moleculess available to burn a hole at a fixed wavelength at a fixed spatial spot. If we assume concentration of non-interacting impurities 1018 molecules per cm3, and the storage density of 1012 bits per cm2 or 1016 bits per cm3, there is only 100 molecules on average to store one bit of information. It is a too small amount because of the fluctuations of the number of molecules per cell [1,2] and references therein.
Brief review of zero-phonon lines, persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) and its applications is given. The provided by PSHB additional dimension - the spectral one in optical data storage allows in principle to get densities up to 1012 bit cm−2 or 1016 bit cm−3. In both cases an 1016 cm−3 cell comprising on average only 100 impurity molecules is involved to store a bit. It is a two small amount because of fluctuations in the distribution of impurities over the cells. Parallel processing and distributed data storage, realized in PSHB holography and optical modelling of neural networks, are prospective to utilize the full capacity of PSHB storage and processing.
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) and its applications in data storage and processing are described. Purely electronic zero-phonon lines having very high peak values in the low temperature impurity spectra of solids are considered. Limitations for very large capacity PSHB memories put by the number of impurity molecules to store one bit are discussed. Doped with impurities optical fiber memory is proposed as a means to have low impurity concentration simultaneously with a large number of the impurities to store one bit. Bit-by-bit (digital) storage is compared to the distributed one and the advantages of the two versions of the latter -- PSHB holography and PSHB modeling of neural networks -- are considered. An experiment of simultaneous read-out over coordinates and frequency in neural network modeling is described. Requirements to PSHB materials and possibilities of the existence of materials effective at high temperatures are discussed.
One very exciting application of laser spectroscopy would be to use the high-resolution capabilities of today’s lasers and the phenomenon of persistent spectral hole-burning to form a frequency domain optical storage system.1 In such a system, bits of information would be stored by locally modifying (in the frequency domain) the shape of an inhomogeneously broadened absorption line of an absorber in a solid at low temperatures. Because typical homogeneous widths are 1000X (or more) narrower than typical inhomogeneous widths, as many as 1000 bits could be written in one diffraction-limited 1-μm spot In a sample, yielding the impressive storage density of 1011 bits/cm2.
(1) Photochemical Hole Burning (PHB) has a possibility to offer us an optical memory with ultra-high data storage density of more than 1011 bits/cm2 theoretically1). Such high data density can be achieved by multiplexing the information additional wavelength dimension besides the x-y spatial domain. The multiplexing of the information is realized by burning a sequence of narrow spectral holes as signals in the spectrum of a PHB material. Then the degree of information multiplexing depends on the degree of the multiple holes in the spectrum. The most essential subject for PHB memory is how densely and how many multiple holes can be formed without any interaction between any two holes.
The use of persistent spectral hole burning in optical data storage allows an increase of the storage density up to a factor of 1000 compared to the common spatial matrix of optical bits.1 The information is stored by burning at low temperature a sequence of narrow spectral holes in the inhomogeneously broadened optical transition of optical centers, e.g. dye molecules embedded in an amorphous polymer, with a tunable narrow-bandwidth laser. One bit of information is encoded by the presence or absence of a hole at a given location in frequency space. The information is read by observing the absorption or the fluorescence of the storage material using a laser with tunable frequency. One of the problems of spectral hole burning data storage arises from the fact that for addressing the memory locations the laser frequency has to be changed over a large frequency range with high accuracy and speed.