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Nonlinear Dynamics in Optical Systems

Static and Dynamic Optical Bistability in Fabry-Pérot and Distributed Feedback Resonators with Quantum Well structures

F. Castelli, L. A. Lugiato, Gian Paolo Bava, Pierluigi Debernardi

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently relevant results on optical bistability in Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) structures at room temperature have been reported [1]. In this paper a rather complete model for optical bistability in Fabry-Pérot (FP) and Distributed Feedback devices (DFB) including a MQW structure is described. It includes the optical dielectric response of the MQW structure, the static output power vs. input power and finally the dynamical behaviour.

DOI
10.1364/nldos.1992.tuc15

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Recently relevant results on optical bistability in Multiple Quantum Well (MQW) structures at room temperature have been reported [1]. In this paper a rather complete model for optical bistability in Fabry-Pérot (FP) and Distributed Feedback devices (DFB) including a MQW structure is described. It includes the optical dielectric response of the MQW structure, the static output power vs. input power and finally the dynamical behaviour.
The system we analyze has the structure of a planar optical waveguide containing a multiple quantum well, with the planes of the wells parallel to the direction of propagation. We consider the two different configurations of a Fabry-P\'erot cavity and distributed-feedback device. The optical nonlinearities are described by means of the first-principles theory developed by Haug, Koch, Schmitt-Rink, and co-workers, generalized to include the finite width of the wells. The dynamics of the system is described by the equations that govern the evolution of the two counterpropagating fields, coupled with the carrier-density equation, and accompanied by the appropriate boundary conditions. The steady-state behavior is analyzed as a function of the control parameters of the system for the case of a GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$Gax{\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathit{x}}Gax​As/AlAs structure. The system develops bistability even when the input field is in resonance with the excitonic peak, but the phenomenon becomes more pronounced in the detuned configuration. The hysteresis cycles obtained in the case of distributed-feedback device turn out to be competitive with those displayed by the Fabry-P\'erot system.
Optical bistability can be obtained in nonlinear materials either with Fabry-Perot mirrors or without external feedback. When a material is placed between partially reflecting mirrors, a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon is formed with the etalon providing an external feedback. Optical bistability and gating occur as a result of a shift in the Fabry-Perot peak when the light intensity is increased (or when a second laser beam is introduced into the cavity). Optical bistability with the external feedback mechanism has been observed in many semiconductors such as bulk GaAs, GaAs-AIGaAs multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures, InSb, InAs, CdS, CdHgTe, GaSe, and CuCI.