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Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications

Squeezing in χ(2) nonlinear waveguides

Matthew E. Anderson, Michael G. Raymer

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Years after its first observation, squeezed light is still the premiere vehicle for demonstrating the importance of quantum mechanics in optics; it is an inherently "non-classical" signal field which eludes explanation by classical physics. Current progress in squeezing is being fueled by advances in nonlinear devices and measurement theory. Here we will briefly review the history of squeezed light and discuss the advantages of generating squeezed light in waveguides.

DOI
10.1364/nlgw.1996.suc.2

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Years after its first observation, squeezed light is still the premiere vehicle for demonstrating the importance of quantum mechanics in optics; it is an inherently "non-classical" signal field which eludes explanation by classical physics. Current progress in squeezing is being fueled by advances in nonlinear devices and measurement theory. Here we will briefly review the history of squeezed light and discuss the advantages of generating squeezed light in waveguides.
The search for optical fields with quantum fluctuations less than that of a perfectly coherent signal has reopened questions of appropriate signatures of non-classicality. Squeezed light fields have phase dependent noise that for some phase angles can be substantially less than the normal vacuum fluctuations. Sub-Poissonian light has photon number fluctuations below those expected from naive "shot noise" considerations. In this talk, I will review the progress made in understanding non-classical light, and discuss measures of non-classicality.
Squeezed light, a prominent non-classical state of light, exhibits reduced quantum noise in one quadrature component below the standard quantum limit (SQL). The property enables quantum-enhanced precision measurements, surpassing the SQL in quantum sensing applications. This review comprehensively introduces the fundamental concepts, classifications, and experimental generation techniques of squeezed light. It further explores its pivotal role and recent advances in diverse quantum sensing domains, including interferometry, gravitational wave detection, magnetometry, force sensing, biomedical sensing, and quantum radar. The review covers theoretical foundations of squeezed states (including quadrature operators and classification schemes, experimental generation techniques in atomic ensembles, nonlinear crystals, and fibers), fundamentals of quantum sensing with squeezed light (from quantum noise theory to quantum-enhanced metrology), and quantum-enhanced sensing applications across the aforementioned domains. Finally, future challenges and opportunities in the field are discussed.
Quantum sensing, along with quantum communications and quantum computing, is commonly considered as the most important application of quantum optics. Among the quantum-sensing experiments, schemes based on squeezed states of light are popular choices due to their natural quadrature components. Since the first experimental demonstration of quantum-squeezing-enhanced phase measurement beyond the shot-noise limit in 1987, quantum-squeezing techniques toward practical sensing and tracking have been extensively investigated. In this paper, we briefly review the recent developments of quantum squeezing and its applications in several advanced systems for measurements of position, rotation, dynamic motion, magnetic fields, and gravitational waves. We also introduce the recent experimental efforts to combine the quantum-squeezing lights into fiber sensing systems.