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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Parallel transfer of Optically Stored Information between Novel Bistable Optical Devices

Hiroyuki Takei, Norio Shimizu

Published Jan 1, 1996• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have fabricated a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a photochromic material called bacteriorhodopsin. It has two photochemical states with absorption peaks at 568 and 412 nm. Upon reversible photochemical change, the complex refractive index changes at the absorption edges of the two states, corresponding to 633 and 442 nm. With mirrors having high reflectivities at both wavelengths, the cavity can be set up in such a way that it would be in optical resonance at either one of the wavelengths depending on the photochemical state of bacteriorhodopsin.

DOI
10.1364/cleo_europe.1996.ctuk56

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We have fabricated a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a photochromic material called bacteriorhodopsin. It has two photochemical states with absorption peaks at 568 and 412 nm. Upon reversible photochemical change, the complex refractive index changes at the absorption edges of the two states, corresponding to 633 and 442 nm. With mirrors having high reflectivities at both wavelengths, the cavity can be set up in such a way that it would be in optical resonance at either one of the wavelengths depending on the photochemical state of bacteriorhodopsin.
We present a theory of optical bistability for a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a medium with nonlinear refraction but linear absorption with only plane-wave and slowly varying envelope approximations. An analytic expression for the critical intensity Icfor the onset of bistability is derived and used to compare cavity designs. It is shown that 1) the important material parameter for minimum Icis the ration_{2}/\alpha 2) the limit to Icis set by limitations on finesse due to inhomogeneities rather than the absorption itself, and 3) the cavity design which gives lowest Icfor a given finesse is that for which the mirror transmissivity equals the absorption per pass; at high finesse this design leads to a total peak cavity transmission of 1/4 when mirror reflectivities are equal.
Optical bistability in a Fabry-Perot cavity filled with nonlinear riedium possessing reversible bleaching under illumination by two light beams having different wavelengthes is considered theoretically. The erIiancement of optical feedback efficiency is shown to take place when simultaneous intensity changes of light waves have opposite signes. Analytical solution is obtained in a low absorption limit showing that the optical bistability can be realized with four times greater level of background losses as compared with the conventional case.
A possible device concept for photonic switching is the crossed resonator in which two Fabry-Perot resonators with perpendicular cavity axes enclose a nonlinear medium. Light entering one of the cavities can modify the light exiting the other cavity by altering the refractive index of the medium. This configuration has been proposed for use as an optical logic gate.1 In this work we also demonstrate its potential as an optical switch and transistor. We model the device following the single Fabry-Perot cavity work for steady-state fields of Miller2 and for pulsed inputs following Bischofberger and Shen.3 We assume the medium has a Kerr nonlinearity with an intensity-independent background absorption. Using parameters for the organic polymer polydiacetylene (PTS) etched into an optical waveguide, we find differential gains of greater than three for steady-state input fields of reasonable powers and that this device in certain regimes behaves like an optical transistor. For the time-dependent case, we model the medium temporal response by the Debye equation using the medium response time for PTS. We present results for input pulses of varying intensity and duration.
Optical bistability (OB) can be defined as the existence of two stable states for one set of optical input conditions. It can be seen in many different systems which generally combine some microscopic nonlinearity (e.g., intensity-dependent refractive index) with some macroscopic feedback (e.g., a Fabry-Perot cavity). OB shows not only hysteresis but also switching transitions. By adjusting the degree of feedback various related effects are also possible (e.g., optical limiters, optical transistors, and several kinds of oscillation phenomena).