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Optics Letters

Spatial mapping of the polarization-resolved spectrum based on vector-beam-assisted nondegenerate four-wave mixing

Xuewen Wang, Jinpeng Yuan, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia, Lirong Wang

Published Dec 5, 2022• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The introduction of vector beams (VBs), with space-variant polarization, into the polarization-resolved spectrum, provides a convenient and rapid pathway for revealing micro-structure. Here, we realize the spatial mapping of the polarization-resolved spectrum based on VB-assisted nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond atomic system of 85 Rb. The 780 nm radial VB and 776 nm linearly polarized Gaussian beam serve as the probe and pump beams in the FWM process, respectively. The generated 420 nm coherent blue light (CBL) possesses a space-variant intensity profile due to the spatially polarized atomic medium. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectrum can be directly mapped from a single CBL profile and the polarization information of the input 776 nm beam can be accurately extracted. In particular, such nondegenerate FWM based on VB provides a proof of principle for rapid and visual polarization-related detection by converting to a frequency domain where efficient detectors are readily available.

DOI
10.1364/ol.480242

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The introduction of vector beams (VBs), with space-variant polarization, into the polarization-resolved spectrum, provides a convenient and rapid pathway for revealing micro-structure. Here, we realize the spatial mapping of the polarization-resolved spectrum based on VB-assisted nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond atomic system of 85 Rb. The 780 nm radial VB and 776 nm linearly polarized Gaussian beam serve as the probe and pump beams in the FWM process, respectively. The generated 420 nm coherent blue light (CBL) possesses a space-variant intensity profile due to the spatially polarized atomic medium. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectrum can be directly mapped from a single CBL profile and the polarization information of the input 776 nm beam can be accurately extracted. In particular, such nondegenerate FWM based on VB provides a proof of principle for rapid and visual polarization-related detection by converting to a frequency domain where efficient detectors are readily available.
We report on a new method to achieve the single-scan polarization-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) spectroscopy in a Rb atomic medium using a vector optical field, in which two pump beams are kept linearly polarized and a vector beam is employed as the probe beam. As the polarization and intensity of the DFWM signal are closely dependent on the polarization state of the probe beam, a vector probe beam with space-variant states of polarization is able to generate a DFWM signal with space-variant states of polarization and intensity across the DFWM image. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectra can be retrieved from a single DFWM image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the single-scan polarization-resolved spectrum detection has been realized experimentally with a vector beam. This work provides a simple but efficient single-scan polarization-resolved spectroscopic method, which would be of great utility for the samples of poor light stability and fast optical processes.
The Airy beam in the short-wavelength regime, endowed with tunable physical properties of self-acceleration, non-diffraction, and self-healing, holds significant promise for advancing high-resolution optical trapping and imaging.Here, we experimentally demonstrate a tunable blue-violet Airy beam generator based on a non-degenerate four-wave mixing process in a diamondtype energy level system of Rb atoms.The 420 nm signal two-dimensional Airy beam is generated when the 780 nm Gaussian pump and the 776 nm probe Airy beams simultaneously interact with the atomic medium.The physical properties of the Airy beam are transferred from the near-infrared (776 nm) to the blue-violet (420 nm) wavelength via the non-degenerate fourwave mixing process.Compared to the input 776 nm probe Airy beam, the generated 420 nm Airy beam exhibits ∼1.86 times reduction in non-diffraction distance and ∼1.83 times increase in acceleration owing to the nonlinear frequency conversion.Additionally, the self-healing property of the generated 420 nm Airy beam is verified by the robust reappearance of the blocked beam main lobe.The all-optical control of the generated 420 nm Airy beam is achieved by tuning the Rb vapor temperature and the pump beam power, enabling dynamic manipulation of beam intensity and spatial profile.Our work establishes a versatile platform for generating a tunable short-wavelength structured light field by nonlinear light-matter interactions, opening avenues for applications in optical information processing and precision microfabrication.
Vector beams (VBs) with potential applications are successfully utilized in many fields as light sources with a spatially-varying polarization profile in recent years. Here, we study the transmission of a VB by manipulating atomic polarization via the optical pumping effect. By using hybridly and radially polarized beams as pump and probe beams in a counter-propagating configuration, we observe a four-petal pattern intensity distribution of probe beam, and the four-petal pattern rotates with the polarization state orientation of the pump beam. The results show a polarization dependent absorption in the atomic media. We experimentally demonstrate the absorption characteristics under different polarization combinations of pump and probe beams. The Jones matrix method is used to explain this phenomenon and the simulations are consistent with the experimental observation. Our results may provide a sound foundation for applications in optical manipulation and quantum information in atomic ensembles.
Coherent frequency conversion of vector beams (VBs) without distorting their intensity profile or spatial polarization distribution is important for novel applications in quantum and classical regimes. Here, we experimentally and theoretically investigate VB transfer from near-infrared to blue light using a Sagnac interferometer, combining the parametric four-wave mixing process in atomic vapor. The vector probe beam is converted into a completely different wavelength, and the vector mode of the generated blue beam is highly similar to the incident probe beam. These results may provide a feasible solution for communication interfaces in classical and quantum science fields based on atomic ensembles.
Airy vortex beams, which integrate orbital angular momentum with diffraction-resistant and self-accelerating characteristics of Airy beams, offer unique capabilities for high-capacity optical communication and high-resolution imaging. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation and manipulation of frequency-converted Airy vortex beams through four-wave mixing in hot Rb vapor. A 780 nm vortex beam and a 776 nm two-dimensional Airy beam coherently participate in the four-wave mixing process, generating a 420 nm output beam that combines the orbital angular momentum of the vortex beam with the spatial structure of the Airy beam. The generated beam exhibits pronounced quasi-nondiffracting propagation and self-acceleration, with an intensity decay rate reduced by a factor of ∼1.88 relative to the input vortex beam and a transverse acceleration ∼1.84 times that of the input Airy beam. Moreover, both the intensity and the spatial profile of the generated beam are flexibly manipulated by varying the Rb vapor temperature and the pump beam power. This work provides a versatile approach for generating and controlling structured light at what we believe are new wavelengths, opening opportunities for short-wavelength optical manipulation and optical information processing.
We demonstrate a pump-probe scheme in which an atomic vapor is optically pumped with circularly polarized light and probed with a vector vortex beam. The pump induces a macroscopic magnetization in the medium, which gives rise to frequency-dependent circular dichroism and birefringence. The vortex probe, characterized by spatially varying polarization, maps this optical activity onto the spatial structure of the transmitted light, thereby generating correlations between the frequency, polarization, and spatial degrees of freedom. Measuring the intensity profile in a suitable polarization component then allows us to perform spatially resolved polarization spectroscopy. We demonstrate the translation of frequency shifts into an image rotation, observing on resonance a rotation in the order of 98 mrad per MHz. These findings may find applications in high-precision spectroscopy, magnetometry, and the generation of hybrid entanglement.