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Photonics Research

Single-scan polarization-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing spectroscopy using a vector optical field

Jiaqi Yuan, Xuemei Cheng, Xing Wang, Tengfei Jiao, Zhaoyu Ren

Published Nov 15, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on a new method to achieve the single-scan polarization-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) spectroscopy in a Rb atomic medium using a vector optical field, in which two pump beams are kept linearly polarized and a vector beam is employed as the probe beam. As the polarization and intensity of the DFWM signal are closely dependent on the polarization state of the probe beam, a vector probe beam with space-variant states of polarization is able to generate a DFWM signal with space-variant states of polarization and intensity across the DFWM image. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectra can be retrieved from a single DFWM image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the single-scan polarization-resolved spectrum detection has been realized experimentally with a vector beam. This work provides a simple but efficient single-scan polarization-resolved spectroscopic method, which would be of great utility for the samples of poor light stability and fast optical processes.

DOI
10.1364/prj.423799

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We report on a new method to achieve the single-scan polarization-resolved degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) spectroscopy in a Rb atomic medium using a vector optical field, in which two pump beams are kept linearly polarized and a vector beam is employed as the probe beam. As the polarization and intensity of the DFWM signal are closely dependent on the polarization state of the probe beam, a vector probe beam with space-variant states of polarization is able to generate a DFWM signal with space-variant states of polarization and intensity across the DFWM image. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectra can be retrieved from a single DFWM image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the single-scan polarization-resolved spectrum detection has been realized experimentally with a vector beam. This work provides a simple but efficient single-scan polarization-resolved spectroscopic method, which would be of great utility for the samples of poor light stability and fast optical processes.
The introduction of vector beams (VBs), with space-variant polarization, into the polarization-resolved spectrum, provides a convenient and rapid pathway for revealing micro-structure. Here, we realize the spatial mapping of the polarization-resolved spectrum based on VB-assisted nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) in a diamond atomic system of 85 Rb. The 780 nm radial VB and 776 nm linearly polarized Gaussian beam serve as the probe and pump beams in the FWM process, respectively. The generated 420 nm coherent blue light (CBL) possesses a space-variant intensity profile due to the spatially polarized atomic medium. Accordingly, the polarization-resolved spectrum can be directly mapped from a single CBL profile and the polarization information of the input 776 nm beam can be accurately extracted. In particular, such nondegenerate FWM based on VB provides a proof of principle for rapid and visual polarization-related detection by converting to a frequency domain where efficient detectors are readily available.
Abstract We report on a single-scan polarization-resolved saturated absorption spectra (SAS) method utilizing a hybridly polarized beam as the probe. Owning to the spatial-variant polarization of a hybridly polarized probe, the polarization-resolved information can be retrieved from the single signal image. Then, the polarization dependence of SAS from two transitions are investigated. Strong polarization dependence is observed from the “closed two-level transition” as |5S 1/2, F = 3> → |5P 3/2, F′ = 4> of 85Rb. By contrast, no polarization dependence is observed from “open two-level transition” as |5S 1/2, F = 3> → |5P 3/2, F′ = 3>. The method would be meaningful for the samples with poor stability or the ultrafast processes.
The traditional multiwave mixing setups are always complicated because multiple laser beams are involved, and they are required to be aligned into certain spatial configurations to get the phase-matching condition satisfied. Here, we report on a multiwave mixing method using a single vector optical field. The spatially separated phase-matching beams are obtained after the vector light passes through a polarizer. Filtering out part(s) of them and focusing the remaining ones into the Rb vapor cell, we detected degenerate four-wave mixing, degenerate six-wave mixing, and coexisting degenerate four-wave mixing signals under different circumstances. As the beams participating in the multiwave mixing processes originate from the same phase plane of the vector laser beam, their relative positions are fixed for the setup so that this method has the potential to resist for turbulence compared with the traditional methods. Besides, the entire system is simple and easy to align because the complicated optical setup is avoided. This work provides a convenient tool for multiwave mixing generation and has great potential in spectroscopy, light squeezing, nonlinear optics, and so on.
Abstract This paper describes the first observation of polarization-selective four-wave mixing signals in conventional coupling-probe spectroscopy, specifically, saturation absorption spectroscopy in 85Rb atoms. The four-wave mixing signal is induced by two counter-propagating laser beams in a degenerate multi-level atomic system, involving the Fg=3→Fe=2,3F_g=3 \rightarrow F_e =2,3Fg​=3→Fe​=2,3 F g = 3 → F e = 2 , 3 , and 4 transitions of the 85Rb D2 line. Consequently, the four-wave mixing signals copropagating along the probe beam induce polarization rotation of a linearly polarized probe beam. To distinguish these four-wave mixing signals from the resulting probe beam, we detect the polarization components orthogonal to the polarization direction of the input probe beam, depending on the linear polarization angles between the probe and coupling beams. The experimental findings demonstrate excellent agreement with theoretical results.
We explore the use of degenerate four-wave-mixing (DFWM) intensity noise fluctuations as a spectroscopic tool for the study of atomic dynamics. Experimental results obtained from the spectral analysis of the intensity noise of the DFWM signal produced by a free running diode laser in a rubidium vapor cell are presented. For low exciting field intensities, the spectra are single peaked with a linewidth comparable to the atomic natural linewidth while at higher intensities a structure devleops revealing the existence of a dynamic Stark effect. The results are compared with numerical simulations of the power spectrum of the DFWM signal produced by a phase-diffusing field incident on two-level atoms.
We study phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in an optically pumped, two-level atomic system (the 3s2S1∕23s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}3s2S1∕2​, F=2F=2F=2, ${m}_{F}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}$, F=3F=3F=3, mF=3{m}_{F}=3mF​=3 transition in a diffuse, collision-free, thermal beam of sodium) using phase-modulated laser beams. In this investigation, we study the detailed line shape of the four-wave mixing signal as a function of the temporal delay between the probe field and the pump fields at different intensities of the cw pump waves and modulation frequencies. We show that phase modulation of the pump and probe beams leads to strong amplitude modulation of the phase-conjugate beam and report excellent agreement between our experimental observations of the DFWM spectra and the results of numerical calculations. Our numerical results suggest an enhancement of the ``local'' DFWM signal when the sidebands of the phase-modulated laser are resonant with dressed-state transitions, but that this resonance is less obvious in the total signal generated. We also show that the complex line shapes depend sensitively upon the delay of the probe beam, with the peak DFWM signal occurring when the probe beam is advanced compared to the pump beam.