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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Improving Steering and Entanglement by Local Filtering Operation under Noisy Channels

Qing-Yun Zhou, Fa Zhao, Dong Wang, Ye Liu

Published Oct 24, 2022• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In reality, a quantum system will inevitably interact with the environment around it, and this will lead to decoherence. In this paper, we mainly study quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering of two-qubit system in some typical environments. Exactly, consider the initial two-qubit state to be the Werner-type state, we let one of the qubits pass through some different channels including amplitude damping (AD) channel, phase damping (PD) channel, phase flip (PF) channel, and bit flip (BF) channel. We research entanglement and EPR steering in the progress. Most importantly, we find that entanglement and EPR steering can be improved by local filtering operations with an appropriate k. Besides, we also give an example of the fact that the EPR steering is the proper subset of entanglement. These results will promote the application of the two quantum resources in quantum information tasks.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.91.114004

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In reality, a quantum system will inevitably interact with the environment around it, and this will lead to decoherence. In this paper, we mainly study quantum entanglement and Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering of two-qubit system in some typical environments. Exactly, consider the initial two-qubit state to be the Werner-type state, we let one of the qubits pass through some different channels including amplitude damping (AD) channel, phase damping (PD) channel, phase flip (PF) channel, and bit flip (BF) channel. We research entanglement and EPR steering in the progress. Most importantly, we find that entanglement and EPR steering can be improved by local filtering operations with an appropriate k. Besides, we also give an example of the fact that the EPR steering is the proper subset of entanglement. These results will promote the application of the two quantum resources in quantum information tasks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering, a fundamental concept of quantum nonlocality, describes one observer's capability to remotely affect another distant observer's state by local measurements. Unlike quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality, both associated with the symmetric quantum correlation, EPR steering depicts the unique asymmetric property of quantum nonlocality. With the local filter operation in which some system components are discarded, quantum nonlocality can be distilled to enhance the nonlocal correlation and even the hidden nonlocality can be activated. However, asymmetric quantum nonlocality in the filter operation still lacks a well-rounded investigation, especially considering the discarded parts where quantum nonlocal correlations may still exist with probabilities. Here, in both theory and experiment, we investigate the effect of reusing the discarded particles from local filter. We observe all configurations of EPR steering simultaneously and other intriguing evolution of asymmetric quantum nonlocality, such as reversing the direction of one-way EPR steering. This work provides a perspective to answer ``what is the essential role of utilizing quantum steering as a resource?'' and demonstrates a practical toolbox for manipulating asymmetric quantum systems with significant potential applications in quantum information tasks.
Abstract Symmetric quantum correlations and properties have been often investigated earlier in the process of quantum decoherence. However, the asymmetric quantum features, such as steering, have been rarely considered in this context. In this work, we study Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, measured by steering robustness R , for two-qubit systems under asymmetric noise channels. For the one-sided asymmetric noise channels, we explore the influence of several typical channels on the asymmetric decay of steering. Our results show that the asymmetric steering is directly linked to the initial state as well as the type of noises. We prove that asymmetric decay can be used to characterize the properties of the channels in some certain. For the two-sided asymmetric noise channels, the results show that the behavior of steering are also both initial states and combination types depended. Moreover, we show that there always exist asymmetric steering even the initial state is high symmetry for the depolarizing-amplitude damping combination channel.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum information tasks. It is crucial to investigate the effect of inevitable loss and noise in quantum channels on EPR steering. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the influence of purity of quantum states and excess noise on Gaussian EPR steering by distributing a two-mode squeezed state through lossy and noisy channels, respectively. We show that the impurity of state never leads to sudden death of Gaussian EPR steering, but the noise in quantum channel can. Then we revive the disappeared Gaussian EPR steering by establishing a correlated noisy channel. Different from entanglement, the sudden death and revival of Gaussian EPR steering are directional. Our result confirms that EPR steering criteria proposed by Reid and I. Kogias et al. are equivalent in our case. The presented results pave way for asymmetric quantum information processing exploiting Gaussian EPR steering in noisy environment.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering describes a quantum nonlocal phenomenon in which one party can nonlocally affect the other’s state through local measurements. It reveals an additional concept of quantum non-locality, which stands between quantum entanglement and Bell nonlocality. Recently, a quantum information task named as subchannel discrimination (SD) provides a necessary and sufficient characterization of EPR steering. The success probability of SD using steerable states is higher than using any unsteerable states, even when they are entangled. However, the detailed construction of such subchannels and the experimental realization of the corresponding task are still technologically challenging. In this work, we designed a feasible collection of subchannels for a quantum channel and experimentally demonstrated the corresponding SD task where the probabilities of correct discrimination are clearly enhanced by exploiting steerable states. Our results provide a concrete example to operationally demonstrate EPR steering and shine a new light on the potential application of EPR steering.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering exhibits an inherent asymmetric feature that differs from both entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which leads to one-way EPR steering. Although this one-way EPR steering phenomenon has been experimentally observed, the schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate three schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering, either by varying the noise on one party of a two-mode squeezed state (TMSS) or transmitting the TMSS in a noisy channel. The dependence of the direction of EPR steering on the noise and transmission efficiency in the quantum channel is analyzed. The experimental results show that the direction of EPR steering of the TMSS can be changed in the presented schemes. Our work is helpful in understanding the fundamental asymmetry of quantum nonlocality and has potential applications in future asymmetric quantum information processing.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics and an important resource for quantum communication. For practical applications, it remains a challenge to protect EPR steering from decoherence due to its intrinsic difference from entanglement. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the distillation of Gaussian EPR steering and entanglement in lossy and noisy environments using measurement-based noiseless linear amplification. Different from entanglement distillation, the extension of steerable region happens in the distillation of EPR steering, besides the enhancement of steerabilities. We demonstrate that the two-way or one-way steerable region is extended after the distillation of EPR steering when the NLA is implemented based on Bob’s or Alice’s measurement results. We also show that the NLA helps to extract the secret key from the insecure region in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution with EPR steering. Our work paves the way for quantum communication exploiting EPR steering in practical quantum channels.