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arXiv:2105.06065 · npj Quantum Information

Sudden death and revival of Gaussian Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering in noisy channels

Xiaowei Deng, Yang Liu, Meihong Wang, Xiaolong Su, Kunchi Peng

Published Apr 27, 2021• 50 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum information tasks. It is crucial to investigate the effect of inevitable loss and noise in quantum channels on EPR steering. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the influence of purity of quantum states and excess noise on Gaussian EPR steering by distributing a two-mode squeezed state through lossy and noisy channels, respectively. We show that the impurity of state never leads to sudden death of Gaussian EPR steering, but the noise in quantum channel can. Then we revive the disappeared Gaussian EPR steering by establishing a correlated noisy channel. Different from entanglement, the sudden death and revival of Gaussian EPR steering are directional. Our result confirms that EPR steering criteria proposed by Reid and I. Kogias et al. are equivalent in our case. The presented results pave way for asymmetric quantum information processing exploiting Gaussian EPR steering in noisy environment.

DOI
10.1038/s41534-021-00399-x

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Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum information tasks. It is crucial to investigate the effect of inevitable loss and noise in quantum channels on EPR steering. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the influence of purity of quantum states and excess noise on Gaussian EPR steering by distributing a two-mode squeezed state through lossy and noisy channels, respectively. We show that the impurity of state never leads to sudden death of Gaussian EPR steering, but the noise in quantum channel can. Then we revive the disappeared Gaussian EPR steering by establishing a correlated noisy channel. Different from entanglement, the sudden death and revival of Gaussian EPR steering are directional. Our result confirms that EPR steering criteria proposed by Reid and I. Kogias et al. are equivalent in our case. The presented results pave way for asymmetric quantum information processing exploiting Gaussian EPR steering in noisy environment.
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is an important resource for constructing secure quantum communication networks. The quantum states carry information transmitted among the spatially separated nodes through the quantum channels, and the steerability of quantum states will reduce or even completely disappear due to the noise in the channels. We theoretically studied the revived steering properties of the quadripartite quantum state. The steering properties versus transmission efficiency and noise amplitude were investigated. Our studies show that when the noise in the channels reaches a certain value, it will lead to the sudden death of steering, and the steerability can be revived over a large range of values by establishing correlated noisy channels. Different types of monogamy relationships are verified in our scheme. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of secure quantum networks.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In this paper, we present two swapping schemes of Gaussian EPR steering, single-channel and dual-channel schemes, by the technique of entanglement swapping. Two space-separated independent EPR steering states without a direct interaction present EPR steering after deterministic swapping. By comparing the EPR steering of the single-channel and dual-channel schemes, we show that the transmission distance of the single-channel scheme is much longer than that of the symmetric dual-channel scheme. Different from entanglement swapping, one-way EPR steering is presented after swapping over lossy channels. The most interesting thing is that the change of the EPR steering direction is observed in the dual-channel scheme. We also show that excess noise in a quantum channel will shorten the transmission distance of the swapping, even leading to the sudden death of EPR steering. The presented schemes provide a technical reference for remote quantum communications with EPR steering.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering exhibits an inherent asymmetric feature that differs from both entanglement and Bell nonlocality, which leads to one-way EPR steering. Although this one-way EPR steering phenomenon has been experimentally observed, the schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering have not been investigated thoroughly. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate three schemes to manipulate the direction of EPR steering, either by varying the noise on one party of a two-mode squeezed state (TMSS) or transmitting the TMSS in a noisy channel. The dependence of the direction of EPR steering on the noise and transmission efficiency in the quantum channel is analyzed. The experimental results show that the direction of EPR steering of the TMSS can be changed in the presented schemes. Our work is helpful in understanding the fundamental asymmetry of quantum nonlocality and has potential applications in future asymmetric quantum information processing.
Multipartite quantum steering has crucial applications in the field of asymmetric secure quantum networks. In the actual quantum communication transmission process, the inevitable loss and noise in the channels will lead to reduction or even disappearance of quantum steering, which is extremely unfavorable to the transmission of information, so it has important practical significance for research of the revival of quantum steering. We theoretically studied the influence of noise on steering and investigated the revival of quantum steering by correlated noisy channels. The results show that excessive noise can cause sudden death of steering, whereas the disappeared steering can be revived by introducing correlated noise. Simultaneously, we also confirmed that the steerability and direction of steering can be manipulated by changing the transmissivity of the revived beam splitter. Our work provides a feasible reference for secure quantum communication in real noisy environment.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics and an important resource for quantum communication. For practical applications, it remains a challenge to protect EPR steering from decoherence due to its intrinsic difference from entanglement. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the distillation of Gaussian EPR steering and entanglement in lossy and noisy environments using measurement-based noiseless linear amplification. Different from entanglement distillation, the extension of steerable region happens in the distillation of EPR steering, besides the enhancement of steerabilities. We demonstrate that the two-way or one-way steerable region is extended after the distillation of EPR steering when the NLA is implemented based on Bob’s or Alice’s measurement results. We also show that the NLA helps to extract the secret key from the insecure region in one-sided device-independent quantum key distribution with EPR steering. Our work paves the way for quantum communication exploiting EPR steering in practical quantum channels.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a type of characteristic nonlocal correlation and provides an important resource in quantum information tasks, especially in view of its asymmetric property. Although plenty of works on EPR steering have been reported, the study of non-Markovian evolution of EPR steering, in which the interactions between the quantum system and surrounding environment are taken into consideration, still lacks intuitive experimental evidence. Here, we experimentally observe the non-Markovian evolution of EPR steering including its sudden death and revival processes, during which the degree of memory effect plays a key role in the recovery of steering. Additionally, a strict unsteerable feature is sufficiently verified during the non-Markovian evolution within multisetting measurements. This Letter, revealing the whole evolution of EPR steering under the non-Markovian process, provides incisive insight into the applications of EPR steering in quantum open systems.