Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Revival and distribution of Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering of a four-mode cluster state in noisy channels

Shuqin Zhai, Nana Zhang, Xiaolan Kang, Kui Liu

Published Sep 6, 2022• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is an important resource for constructing secure quantum communication networks. The quantum states carry information transmitted among the spatially separated nodes through the quantum channels, and the steerability of quantum states will reduce or even completely disappear due to the noise in the channels. We theoretically studied the revived steering properties of the quadripartite quantum state. The steering properties versus transmission efficiency and noise amplitude were investigated. Our studies show that when the noise in the channels reaches a certain value, it will lead to the sudden death of steering, and the steerability can be revived over a large range of values by establishing correlated noisy channels. Different types of monogamy relationships are verified in our scheme. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of secure quantum networks.

DOI
10.1364/josab.469871

Related papers

Revival of quantum steering in correlated noisy channels

Shuqin Zhai, Nana Zhang, Kui Liu

Multipartite quantum steering has crucial applications in the field of asymmetric secure quantum networks. In the actual quantum communication transmission process, the inevitable loss and noise in the channels will lead to reduction or even disappearance of quantum steering, which is extremely unfavorable to the transmission of information, so it has important practical significance for research of the revival of quantum steering. We theoretically studied the influence of noise on steering and investigated the revival of quantum steering by correlated noisy channels. The results show that excessive noise can cause sudden death of steering, whereas the disappeared steering can be revived by introducing correlated noise. Simultaneously, we also confirmed that the steerability and direction of steering can be manipulated by changing the transmissivity of the revived beam splitter. Our work provides a feasible reference for secure quantum communication in real noisy environment.

Optical Engineering•Jul 31, 2023•0 citations

Sudden death and revival of Gaussian Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering in noisy channels

Xiaowei Deng, Yang Liu, Meihong Wang +2 more

Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum information tasks. It is crucial to investigate the effect of inevitable loss and noise in quantum channels on EPR steering. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the influence of purity of quantum states and excess noise on Gaussian EPR steering by distributing a two-mode squeezed state through lossy and noisy channels, respectively. We show that the impurity of state never leads to sudden death of Gaussian EPR steering, but the noise in quantum channel can. Then we revive the disappeared Gaussian EPR steering by establishing a correlated noisy channel. Different from entanglement, the sudden death and revival of Gaussian EPR steering are directional. Our result confirms that EPR steering criteria proposed by Reid and I. Kogias et al. are equivalent in our case. The presented results pave way for asymmetric quantum information processing exploiting Gaussian EPR steering in noisy environment.

arXiv:2105.06065•npj Quantum Information•Apr 27, 2021•50 citations

Distribution and revival of tripartite Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering in all-optical correlated noise channel

Shuqin Zhai, Xinyan Shi, Kui Liu

Abstract Quantum steering, also know as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, is a key resource in quantum information. It has significant application value for constructing secure quantum communication networks due to its unique asymmetric property. However, quantum steering is susceptible to decoherence. Decoherence occurs due to the interaction between a quantum system and its environment, and eventually leads to the reduction or even disappearance of steering. In this paper, we propose an all-optical correlated noise channel (ACNC) scheme based on four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, investigate the impact of noise in the channel and FWM gains on quantum steering characteristics as well as the capability of the ACNC to restore quantum steering. This scheme is achieved through optical nonlinear processes and avoids the electro-optic conversions and significantly expands the operational bandwidth. The research results show that the ACNC can effectively restore the damaged quantum steering. The range of one-way steering and genuine tripartite steering can be flexibly controlled by adjusting parameters. Moreover, the Gaussian steered monogamous relationships have also been verified. Our scheme provides new theoretical reference for constructing all-optical secure quantum networks.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 20, 2025•1 citation

Demonstration of Monogamy Relations for Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering in Gaussian Cluster States

Xiaowei Deng, Yu Xiang, Caixing Tian +6 more

Understanding how quantum resources can be quantified and distributed over many parties has profound applications in quantum communication. As one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum networks. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of a continuous variable four-mode square Gaussian cluster state subject to asymmetric loss, we quantify the amount of bipartite steering with a variable number of modes per party, and verify recently introduced monogamy relations for Gaussian steerability, which establish quantitative constraints on the security of information shared among different parties. We observe a very rich structure for the steering distribution, and demonstrate one-way EPR steering of the cluster state under Gaussian measurements, as well as one-to-multimode steering. Our experiment paves the way for exploiting EPR steering in Gaussian cluster states as a valuable resource for multiparty quantum information tasks.

arXiv:1702.06287•Physical Review Letters•Jun 7, 2017•137 citations

Monogamy relations within quadripartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering based on cascaded four-wave mixing processes

Yu Xiang, Yang Liu, Yin Cai +3 more

Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has been recognized as an essential resource for secure quantum communication tasks composed of several spatially separated parties who cannot be fully trusted. Nevertheless, this resource cannot be distributed arbitrarily over many parties; for instance, two independent players cannot simultaneously steer the third party by two-setting measurements. This feature is referred to as monogamy of steering, which ensures the security of quantum cryptographic protocols and is thus a very desired property to investigate for multipartite steering. Here, we propose symmetric and asymmetric structures of cascaded four-wave mixing of rubidium atoms to generate versatile quadripartite EPR steering and investigate four distinct types of monogamy relations of Gaussian steering. We find that the distribution constraint described by one of the monogamy relations can be lifted only for the quadripartite steering created by the symmetric setup. This result paves the way for a better understanding of the distribution rules of multipartite EPR steering and its potential applications for secure quantum communication.

Physical Review A•May 15, 2020•32 citations

Swapping of Gaussian Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering

Meihong Wang, Zhongzhong Qin, Xiaolong Su

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In this paper, we present two swapping schemes of Gaussian EPR steering, single-channel and dual-channel schemes, by the technique of entanglement swapping. Two space-separated independent EPR steering states without a direct interaction present EPR steering after deterministic swapping. By comparing the EPR steering of the single-channel and dual-channel schemes, we show that the transmission distance of the single-channel scheme is much longer than that of the symmetric dual-channel scheme. Different from entanglement swapping, one-way EPR steering is presented after swapping over lossy channels. The most interesting thing is that the change of the EPR steering direction is observed in the dual-channel scheme. We also show that excess noise in a quantum channel will shorten the transmission distance of the swapping, even leading to the sudden death of EPR steering. The presented schemes provide a technical reference for remote quantum communications with EPR steering.

arXiv:1706.03176•Physical Review A•May 3, 2017•21 citations
Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering is an important resource for constructing secure quantum communication networks. The quantum states carry information transmitted among the spatially separated nodes through the quantum channels, and the steerability of quantum states will reduce or even completely disappear due to the noise in the channels. We theoretically studied the revived steering properties of the quadripartite quantum state. The steering properties versus transmission efficiency and noise amplitude were investigated. Our studies show that when the noise in the channels reaches a certain value, it will lead to the sudden death of steering, and the steerability can be revived over a large range of values by establishing correlated noisy channels. Different types of monogamy relationships are verified in our scheme. These results provide a theoretical foundation for the construction of secure quantum networks.
Multipartite quantum steering has crucial applications in the field of asymmetric secure quantum networks. In the actual quantum communication transmission process, the inevitable loss and noise in the channels will lead to reduction or even disappearance of quantum steering, which is extremely unfavorable to the transmission of information, so it has important practical significance for research of the revival of quantum steering. We theoretically studied the influence of noise on steering and investigated the revival of quantum steering by correlated noisy channels. The results show that excessive noise can cause sudden death of steering, whereas the disappeared steering can be revived by introducing correlated noise. Simultaneously, we also confirmed that the steerability and direction of steering can be manipulated by changing the transmissivity of the revived beam splitter. Our work provides a feasible reference for secure quantum communication in real noisy environment.
Abstract Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum information tasks. It is crucial to investigate the effect of inevitable loss and noise in quantum channels on EPR steering. We analyze and experimentally demonstrate the influence of purity of quantum states and excess noise on Gaussian EPR steering by distributing a two-mode squeezed state through lossy and noisy channels, respectively. We show that the impurity of state never leads to sudden death of Gaussian EPR steering, but the noise in quantum channel can. Then we revive the disappeared Gaussian EPR steering by establishing a correlated noisy channel. Different from entanglement, the sudden death and revival of Gaussian EPR steering are directional. Our result confirms that EPR steering criteria proposed by Reid and I. Kogias et al. are equivalent in our case. The presented results pave way for asymmetric quantum information processing exploiting Gaussian EPR steering in noisy environment.
Abstract Quantum steering, also know as Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen steering, is a key resource in quantum information. It has significant application value for constructing secure quantum communication networks due to its unique asymmetric property. However, quantum steering is susceptible to decoherence. Decoherence occurs due to the interaction between a quantum system and its environment, and eventually leads to the reduction or even disappearance of steering. In this paper, we propose an all-optical correlated noise channel (ACNC) scheme based on four-wave mixing (FWM) processes, investigate the impact of noise in the channel and FWM gains on quantum steering characteristics as well as the capability of the ACNC to restore quantum steering. This scheme is achieved through optical nonlinear processes and avoids the electro-optic conversions and significantly expands the operational bandwidth. The research results show that the ACNC can effectively restore the damaged quantum steering. The range of one-way steering and genuine tripartite steering can be flexibly controlled by adjusting parameters. Moreover, the Gaussian steered monogamous relationships have also been verified. Our scheme provides new theoretical reference for constructing all-optical secure quantum networks.
Understanding how quantum resources can be quantified and distributed over many parties has profound applications in quantum communication. As one of the most intriguing features of quantum mechanics, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a useful resource for secure quantum networks. By reconstructing the covariance matrix of a continuous variable four-mode square Gaussian cluster state subject to asymmetric loss, we quantify the amount of bipartite steering with a variable number of modes per party, and verify recently introduced monogamy relations for Gaussian steerability, which establish quantitative constraints on the security of information shared among different parties. We observe a very rich structure for the steering distribution, and demonstrate one-way EPR steering of the cluster state under Gaussian measurements, as well as one-to-multimode steering. Our experiment paves the way for exploiting EPR steering in Gaussian cluster states as a valuable resource for multiparty quantum information tasks.
Multipartite Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has been recognized as an essential resource for secure quantum communication tasks composed of several spatially separated parties who cannot be fully trusted. Nevertheless, this resource cannot be distributed arbitrarily over many parties; for instance, two independent players cannot simultaneously steer the third party by two-setting measurements. This feature is referred to as monogamy of steering, which ensures the security of quantum cryptographic protocols and is thus a very desired property to investigate for multipartite steering. Here, we propose symmetric and asymmetric structures of cascaded four-wave mixing of rubidium atoms to generate versatile quadripartite EPR steering and investigate four distinct types of monogamy relations of Gaussian steering. We find that the distribution constraint described by one of the monogamy relations can be lifted only for the quadripartite steering created by the symmetric setup. This result paves the way for a better understanding of the distribution rules of multipartite EPR steering and its potential applications for secure quantum communication.
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a quantum mechanical phenomenon that allows one party to steer the state of a distant party by exploiting their shared entanglement. It has potential applications in secure quantum communication. In this paper, we present two swapping schemes of Gaussian EPR steering, single-channel and dual-channel schemes, by the technique of entanglement swapping. Two space-separated independent EPR steering states without a direct interaction present EPR steering after deterministic swapping. By comparing the EPR steering of the single-channel and dual-channel schemes, we show that the transmission distance of the single-channel scheme is much longer than that of the symmetric dual-channel scheme. Different from entanglement swapping, one-way EPR steering is presented after swapping over lossy channels. The most interesting thing is that the change of the EPR steering direction is observed in the dual-channel scheme. We also show that excess noise in a quantum channel will shorten the transmission distance of the swapping, even leading to the sudden death of EPR steering. The presented schemes provide a technical reference for remote quantum communications with EPR steering.