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International Conference on Laser, Optics and Optoelectronic Technology (LOPET)

Precise modulation of beam deflection via weak measurement

Xu Han

Published Oct 14, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Weak measurement technology can be used to achieve ultra-precision modulation of variables. Based on this, to achieve precise modulation of beam deflection, we establish a model of beam propagation using weak measurement, theoretically deduce the general formula of the deflection angle, and illustrate the general process of precise modulation of the angular shift of the beam. By controlling the post-selection state of the weak measurement, the angular shift of the beam can be precisely regulated. The deflection angle is proportional to the imaginary part of the weak value. We describe a simulation and discuss how precise angle tuning can be achieved by controlling experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1117/12.2648252

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Weak measurement technology can be used to achieve ultra-precision modulation of variables. Based on this, to achieve precise modulation of beam deflection, we establish a model of beam propagation using weak measurement, theoretically deduce the general formula of the deflection angle, and illustrate the general process of precise modulation of the angular shift of the beam. By controlling the post-selection state of the weak measurement, the angular shift of the beam can be precisely regulated. The deflection angle is proportional to the imaginary part of the weak value. We describe a simulation and discuss how precise angle tuning can be achieved by controlling experimental parameters.
Background: Weak measurement involves weak coupling between the system and the measuring device (pointer) enables large amplification and high precision measurement of small physical parameters. The outcome of this special measurement procedure involving nearly mutually orthogonal pre- and post-selection of states in such weakly interacting systems leads to weak value that can become exceedingly large and lie outside the eigenvalue spectrum of the measured observable. This unprecedented ability of weak value amplification of small physical parameters has been successfully exploited for various metrological applications in the optical domain and beyond. Even though it is a quantum mechanical concept, it can be understood using the classical electromagnetic theory of light and thus can be realized in classical optics. Objective: Here, we briefly review the basic concepts of weak measurement and weak value amplification, provide illustrative examples of its implementation in various optical domains. The applications involve measuring ultra-sensitive beam deflections, high precision measurements of angular rotation, phase shift, temporal shift, frequency shift and so forth, and expand this extraordinary concept in the domain of nano-optics and plasmonics. Methods: In order to perform weak value amplification, we have used Gaussian beam and spectral response as the pointer subsequently. The polarization state associated with the pointer is used as pre and post-selection device. Results: We reveal the weak value amplification of sub-wavelength optical effects namely the Goos-Hänchen shift and the spin hall shift. Further, we demonstrate weak measurements using spectral line shape of resonance as a natural pointer, enabling weak value amplification beyond the conventional limit, demonstrating natural weak value amplification in plasmonic Fano resonances and so forth. The discussed concepts could have useful implications in various nano-optical systems to amplify tiny signals or effects. Conclusion: The emerging prospects of weak value amplification towards the development of novel optical weak measurement devices for metrological applications are extensively discussed.
We theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a modulated weak measurement scheme that permits a precise estimation of the extended phase shift. By choosing the frequency and the total post-selected light intensity as the input and output meter variables, respectively, a linear weak measurement model is established that is especially applicable to precise phase estimation. By performing a time-delay-dependent modulation strategy based on the feedback modulation of the experimental outcome, both the high phase-sensitivity and measurement precision can be retained. We have achieved a precision at the order of ∼10−5 rad that can be effectively retained with an increase in the measured phase.
The precise measurement of spatial attitude parameters is critical for applications in inertial navigation, industrial monitoring, instrument calibration, quantum metrology, etc. In this work, we theoretically investigate and experimentally realize the simultaneous measurement of the yaw and pitch angles using a Hermite-Gaussian-postselected double weak value system integrated with two sets of high-order-mode balanced homodyne detections, thereby achieving a complete characterization of the beam deflection. Signals of the yaw and pitch angles that are involved in TEM10_{10}10​ and TEM01_{01}01​ modes output from two dark ports of the system can be measured independently. As a result, the obtained minimum measurable yaw and pitch angles of beam deflection are 83 prad and 89 prad, respectively. Meanwhile, the corresponding displacements are 0.79 pm and 0.85 pm, respectively. This work expands the beam deflection measurement to two dimensions, which provides a new insight for future high-precision multi-parameter spatial precise detection.