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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Analysis of Key Post-Processing for Physical Layer Key Generation in Optical Communication

Jie Huang, Yajie Li, Kongni Zhu, Song Hao-kun, Yongli Zhao, Jie Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2022• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper analyzes the post-processing security through information entropy and compares three privacy amplification methods for physical layer key generation. Simulation reveals key generation rate and security should be jointly considered when applying privacy amplification.
DOI
10.1364/cleo_at.2022.jtu3b.45

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The paper cogitates about a comparative simulation for various distillation, reconciliation, and privacy amplification techniques that are used to generate secure symmetric physical layer keys. Elementary wireless model of two mobile nodes in the presence of a passive eavesdropper is used to perform the comparison process. Important modifications are proposed to some phases' techniques in order to increase the performance of the generation process as a whole. Different metrics were used for comparison in each phase, in the distillation phase, we use the Bit Mismatch Rate (BMR) for different SNR values to compare various extracted random strings of the two intended nodes. On the other hand, the messaging rate and process complexity is exploited to estimate the performance of the compared techniques in both reconciliation and privacy amplification phases. The randomness and entropy properties of the keys are verified using the NIST suite, all the generated keys are 128 bits, it is shown that the success rate of the keys passing the randomness tests depends strongly on the techniques that are used through the three generation phases.
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Physical layer security (PLS) has evolved to be a pivotal technique in ensuring secure wireless communication. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the recent developments in physical layer secret key generation (PLSKG). The principle, procedure, techniques and performance metricesare investigated for PLSKG between a pair of users (PSKG) and for a group of users (GSKG). In this paper, a detailed comparison of the various parameters and techniques employed in different stages of key generation such as, channel probing, quantisation, encoding, information reconciliation (IR) and privacy amplification (PA) are provided. Apart from this, a comparison of bit disagreement rate, bit generation rate and approximate entropy is also presented. The work identifies PSKG and GSKG schemes which are practically realizable and also provides a discussion on the test bed employed for realising various PLSKG schemes. Moreover, a discussion on the research challenges in the area of PLSKG is also provided for future research.
Privacy amplification is a necessary step in all quantum key distribution protocols, and error correction is needed in each except when signals of many photons are used in the key communication in quantum noise approach. No security analysis of error correcting code information leak to the attacker has ever been provided, while an ad hoc formula is currently employed to account for such leak in the key generation rate. It is also commonly believed that privacy amplification allows the users to at least establish a short key of arbitrarily close to perfect security. In this paper we show how the lack of rigorous error correction analysis makes the otherwise valid privacy amplification results invalid, and that there exists a limit on how close to perfect a generated key can be obtained from privacy amplification. In addition, there is a necessary tradeoff between key rate and security, and the best theoretical values from current theories would not generate enough near-uniform key bits to cover the message authentication key cost in disturbance-information tradeoff protocols of the BB84 variety.