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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Coherent optical effects in a three-level quantum emitter near a periodic plasmonic nanostructure

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Vassilios Yannopapas, Gediminas Juzeliūnas, Emmanuel Paspalakis

Published Jul 21, 2022• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate optical effects in a three-level $V$-type quantum system involving two closely situated upper levels (a doublet), interacting with a weak probe field while located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We demonstrate that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to a significant modification of the absorption and dispersion properties of the quantum $V$ system, yielding either very narrow resonances or induced transparency for the weak probe field. Introducing a weak incoherent pumping field can result in gain with and without population inversion in the quantum system, without the need for a strong coherent pump field. Such a gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure and by adjusting the amount of incoherent pumping, as well as the doublet splitting. The threshold limits are provided both analytically and numerically for achieving gain with and without inversion using the incoherent pumping. Our analysis paves the way toward further theoretical and experimental studies for mitigating dissipative losses in plasmonic modes when the gain is difficult to achieve due to impractical pumping requirements.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.106.035419

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We investigate optical effects in a three-level VVV-type quantum system involving two closely situated upper levels (a doublet), interacting with a weak probe field while located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We demonstrate that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to a significant modification of the absorption and dispersion properties of the quantum VVV system, yielding either very narrow resonances or induced transparency for the weak probe field. Introducing a weak incoherent pumping field can result in gain with and without population inversion in the quantum system, without the need for a strong coherent pump field. Such a gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure and by adjusting the amount of incoherent pumping, as well as the doublet splitting. The threshold limits are provided both analytically and numerically for achieving gain with and without inversion using the incoherent pumping. Our analysis paves the way toward further theoretical and experimental studies for mitigating dissipative losses in plasmonic modes when the gain is difficult to achieve due to impractical pumping requirements.
We study the optical response of a four-level double-V-type quantum system which interacts simultaneously with probe and pump laser fields and is located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. By considering different coupling configurations for the pump/probe laser fields and analyzing the resulting probe absorption spectrum we reveal a variety of phenomena, such as huge enhancement of the absorption at the central line, gain without inversion, and a phase-dependent absorption spectrum. We also show that the enhancement of probe absorption or the gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure, the intensity of the pump field(s), and, when applicable, their relative phase. Our results can find applications in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices.
We study theoretically the effects of a plasmonic nanostructure on the linear absorption and dispersion spectrum of a four-level double- V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum system. In the quantum system under study one V\mathsf{V}V-type transition is influenced by the interaction with surface plasmons while the other V\mathsf{V}V-type transition interacts with free-space vacuum. As plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We analyze the optical properties of a linearly polarized laser field that couples the lowest state with the upper states in the free-space transitions. We show that, due to the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, effects of optical transparency are created. These effects are also complemented by the existence of slow light.
We study, theoretically, the phenomena optical bistability and multistability of a hybrid quantum-plasmonic system immersed within an optical ring cavity. The hybrid quantum-plasmonic system consists of a three-level V-type quantum emitter and a two-dimensional plasmonic metasurface of gold nanoshells. The quantum emitter and the plasmonic metasurface are placed in close proximity to each other so that a strong quantum interference of spontaneous emission occurs, which enables the strong modification of optical-bistability/ multistability hysteresis curves. Along with this, the strong interaction between the emitter and the plasmonic metasurface allows for active control of the corresponding bistable threshold intensity. Furthermore, we show that by varying the metasurface-emitter separation, a transition from bistability to multistability of the hybrid system is observed. Lastly, by introducing an additional incoherent pumping in the system, we have the emergence of phenomena, such as probe absorption and gain, with or without population inversion. The results may find technological application in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices, optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science.
We investigate the nonlinear optical response of a four-level double-V-type quantum system interacting with a pair of weak probe fields while located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. Such a quantum system contains a V-type subsystem interacting with surface plasmons, and another V-type subsystem interacting with the free-space vacuum. A distinctive feature of the proposed setup is its sensitivity to the relative phase of the applied fields when placed near the plasmonic nanostructure. We demonstrate that due to the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, the third-order (Kerr-type) susceptibility for one of the laser fields can be significantly modified while another probe field is acting. Moreover, the Kerr nonlinearity of the system can be controlled and even enhanced by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure.We also show that the Kerr nonlinearity of such a system can be controlled by adjusting the relative phase of the applied fields. The results obtained may find potential applications in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices. We also study the light-matter interaction in the case where one probe field carries an optical vortex, and another probe field has no vortex. We demonstrate that due to the phase sensitivity of the closed-loop double V-type quantum system, the linear and nonlinear susceptibility of the nonvortex probe beam depends on the azimuthal angle and orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the vortex probe beam. This feature is missing in open four-level double V-type quantum system interacting with free-space vacuum, as no quantum interference occurs in this case. We use the azimuthal dependence of optical susceptibility of the quantum system to determine the regions of spatially-structured transmittance.
We present a theoretical study of the resonance fluorescence of a four-level double-V\mathsf{V}V-type quantum emitter near a plasmonic nanostructure. The quantum system interacts with two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency and intensity, but with different phases. For the plasmonic nanostructure we consider a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We show that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to strong modification of both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the transition from antibunching to bunching for the fluorescent photons. In addition, we show that both the resonance fluorescence spectrum and the second-order correlation function are strongly phase-dependent so that the relative phase of laser fields can be used for the efficient control of the resonance fluorescence characteristics. The results are explained by using a dressed-state picture.
We investigate the incoherent resonance fluorescence spectrum emitted by a three-level V-type quantum emitter, under the influence of a two-dimensional plasmonic nanosphere array. The V-type quantum system is driven by a coherent electromagnetic field whilst quantum interference effects in the spontaneous emission due to the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure are accounted for. The characteristics of the incoherent resonance fluorescence spectrum are studied, for different sets of parameters, aiming at the specification of the conditions under which an outstanding spectral narrowing, or either, quenching effects are manifested.