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Photonics

Effective Control of the Optical Bistability of a Three-Level Quantum Emitter near a Nanostructured Plasmonic Metasurface

Hamid Reza Hamedi, Emmanuel Paspalakis, Vassilios Yannopapas

Published Jul 17, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study, theoretically, the phenomena optical bistability and multistability of a hybrid quantum-plasmonic system immersed within an optical ring cavity. The hybrid quantum-plasmonic system consists of a three-level V-type quantum emitter and a two-dimensional plasmonic metasurface of gold nanoshells. The quantum emitter and the plasmonic metasurface are placed in close proximity to each other so that a strong quantum interference of spontaneous emission occurs, which enables the strong modification of optical-bistability/ multistability hysteresis curves. Along with this, the strong interaction between the emitter and the plasmonic metasurface allows for active control of the corresponding bistable threshold intensity. Furthermore, we show that by varying the metasurface-emitter separation, a transition from bistability to multistability of the hybrid system is observed. Lastly, by introducing an additional incoherent pumping in the system, we have the emergence of phenomena, such as probe absorption and gain, with or without population inversion. The results may find technological application in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices, optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science.

DOI
10.3390/photonics8070285

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We study, theoretically, the phenomena optical bistability and multistability of a hybrid quantum-plasmonic system immersed within an optical ring cavity. The hybrid quantum-plasmonic system consists of a three-level V-type quantum emitter and a two-dimensional plasmonic metasurface of gold nanoshells. The quantum emitter and the plasmonic metasurface are placed in close proximity to each other so that a strong quantum interference of spontaneous emission occurs, which enables the strong modification of optical-bistability/ multistability hysteresis curves. Along with this, the strong interaction between the emitter and the plasmonic metasurface allows for active control of the corresponding bistable threshold intensity. Furthermore, we show that by varying the metasurface-emitter separation, a transition from bistability to multistability of the hybrid system is observed. Lastly, by introducing an additional incoherent pumping in the system, we have the emergence of phenomena, such as probe absorption and gain, with or without population inversion. The results may find technological application in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices, optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science.
The optical bistability and multistability properties of a four-level quantum system near a plasmonic nanostructure embedded in a unidirectional ring cavity are studied theoretically. Two orthogonal circularly polarized laser fields with the same frequency, different phases and electric fields amplitude are interacted by four-level quantum system. It is found that in the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure, the bistable behaviors related to one of the laser fields propagating through the unidirectional ring cavity can be modified by relative phase and amplitude control of another laser fields. Our obtained results show that the optical bistability can be converted into the optical multistability by varying the value of distance between the quantum system and the surface of the plasmonic nanostructure. Moreover, it is shown that under specific condition related to the distance, the lasing without population inversion can be obtained.
We discuss the optical bistability and multistability properties of incident light on a unidirectional ring cavity consisting of a hybrid semiconductor quantum dot-metal nanoparticle system driven by coupling and incoherent pumping fields. We consider the quantum dot system as a three-level V-type configuration which is placed near the metallic nanoparticle. We realize that the threshold of optical bistability and optical multistability can be controlled by tuning the center-to-center distance between quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, the effect of incoherent pumping field on optical bistability and optical multistability has been discussed for different distances between quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles.
We investigate optical effects in a three-level VVV-type quantum system involving two closely situated upper levels (a doublet), interacting with a weak probe field while located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. We demonstrate that the presence of the plasmonic nanostructure leads to a significant modification of the absorption and dispersion properties of the quantum VVV system, yielding either very narrow resonances or induced transparency for the weak probe field. Introducing a weak incoherent pumping field can result in gain with and without population inversion in the quantum system, without the need for a strong coherent pump field. Such a gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure and by adjusting the amount of incoherent pumping, as well as the doublet splitting. The threshold limits are provided both analytically and numerically for achieving gain with and without inversion using the incoherent pumping. Our analysis paves the way toward further theoretical and experimental studies for mitigating dissipative losses in plasmonic modes when the gain is difficult to achieve due to impractical pumping requirements.
Hybrid nanoplasmonic systems can provide a promising platform of potential nonlinear applications due to the enhancement of optical fields near their surfaces in addition to the control of strong light-matter interactions they can afford. We theoretically investigated the optical multistability of a probe field that circulated along a unidirectional ring cavity containing a metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisk-quantum dot hybrid system; the quantum dot was modeled as a three-level atomic system of Lambda configuration interacting with probe and control fields in the optical region of the electromagnetic spectrum. We show that the threshold and degree of multistability can be controlled by the geometry of the setup, the size of metal nanoparticles, the carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk and the detunings of probe and control fields. We found that under electromagnetically-induced transparency conditions the system exhibits enhanced optical multistability with an ultralow threshold in the case of two-photon resonance with high carrier mobility in the graphene nanodisk. Moreover, we calculated the limits of the controllable parameters within which the switching between optical multistability and bistability can occur. We show that our proposed hybrid plasmonic system can be useful for efficient all-optical switches and logic-gate elements for quantum computing and quantum information processing.
We study the optical response of a four-level double-V-type quantum system which interacts simultaneously with probe and pump laser fields and is located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. By considering different coupling configurations for the pump/probe laser fields and analyzing the resulting probe absorption spectrum we reveal a variety of phenomena, such as huge enhancement of the absorption at the central line, gain without inversion, and a phase-dependent absorption spectrum. We also show that the enhancement of probe absorption or the gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure, the intensity of the pump field(s), and, when applicable, their relative phase. Our results can find applications in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices.
Under the non-resonant condition, we investigated the optical bistability (OB) in a three-level quantum well system inside a unidirectional ring cavity. We find that the incoherent pumping fields and the quantum interference induced by incoherent pumping fields can affect the optical bistability dramatically, which can be used to manipulate efficiently the threshold intensity and the hysteresis loop. These results are achieved by applying the two incoherent pumping fields, so they are very different from the conventional schemes that coherent driving fields are used to control the optical bistability. Thus, it may provide some new possibilities for technological applications in optoelectronics and solid-state quantum information science.