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Atoms

Polarization Spectroscopy Applied to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Hot Rydberg Atoms Using a Laguerre–Gaussian Beam

Naomy Duarte Gomes, B. F. Magnani, Jorge Douglas Massayuki Kondo, Luís Gustavo Marcassa

Published Jun 1, 2022• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we have applied polarization spectroscopy to study electromagnetically induced transparency involving hot Rb85 Rydberg state in a vapor cell using a Laguerre–Gaussian mode beam. Such spectroscopy technique generates a dispersive signal, which allows a direct measurement of the transition linewidth. Our results show that the measured transition linewidth for a Laguerre–Gaussian mode control beam is narrower than for a Gaussian mode. Besides, it can be well reproduced by a simplified Lindblad master equation model.

DOI
10.3390/atoms10020058

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In this work, we have applied polarization spectroscopy to study electromagnetically induced transparency involving hot Rb85 Rydberg state in a vapor cell using a Laguerre–Gaussian mode beam. Such spectroscopy technique generates a dispersive signal, which allows a direct measurement of the transition linewidth. Our results show that the measured transition linewidth for a Laguerre–Gaussian mode control beam is narrower than for a Gaussian mode. Besides, it can be well reproduced by a simplified Lindblad master equation model.
We observe resonances with width 20 times below the natural linewidth for a probe laser on an optical transition, when the same transition is driven by a control laser with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) profile. The basic mechanism is the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EITA). Aligning the Gaussian probe beam to the central hole in the LG control beam simultaneously allows a strong control intensity required for high signal-to-noise ratio and a low intensity in the probe region required to get narrow resonances. We observe these resonances on the D2D_2D2​ line of Rb in a room-temperature vapor cell and show that the linewidth is reduced by a factor of 4 compared to the use of a Gaussian control beam, which should prove advantageous in all applications of EITA.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and two‐color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) with Rydberg atoms are spectroscopic techniques developed based on the interaction between a ladder‐type three‐level atomic system and two light fields. The narrow linewidth and high contrast Rydberg EIT and Rydberg TCPS have important applications in laser frequency stabilization, Rydberg antennas, Rydberg radar and microwave electric fields detection. Here, the EIT and TCPS with cesium Rydberg atoms are investigated using a ladder‐type level system driven by the 509‐nm coupling beam and the 852‐nm probe beam. The 509‐nm coupling beam with three kinds of intensity spatial profile (Laguerre–Gaussian mode, Gaussian mode, Flat‐top mode) is employed one by one in experiments. Due to the different intensity spatial distributions of the three 509‐nm coupling beams, the Autler–Townes (A–T) splitting method is utilized to calibrate the Rabi frequency of the coupling beams. These results show that the linewidth is narrowest when the 509‐nm coupling beam has the Laguerre–Gaussian mode with an equal Rabi frequency among the three cases, the linewidth and contrast of the EIT and TCPS are optimized by varying the beam sizes of the 509‐nm Laguerre–Gaussian beams. The laser frequency stabilization by using of TCPS with three kinds of 509‐nm coupling beams are compared, the Laguerre–Gaussian coupling beam case is more effective for frequency stabilization because of the narrower linewidth.
We report on the all-optical detection of Rydberg states in an effusive atomic beam of strontium atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using narrow-linewidth CW lasers we obtain an EIT linewidth of 5 MHz. To illustrate the high spectroscopic resolution offered by this method, we have measured isotope shifts of the 5s18d 1 D 2 and 5s19s 1 S 0 Rydberg states. This technique could be applied to high-resolution, non-destructive measurements of ultra-cold Rydberg gases and plasmas.
We report on the all-optical detection of Rydberg states in an effusive atomic beam of strontium atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Using narrow-linewidth CW lasers we obtain an EIT linewidth of 5MHz. To illustrate the high spectroscopic resolution offered by this method, we have measured isotope shifts of the 5s18d(1)D(2) and 5s19s(1)S(0) Rydberg states. This technique could be applied to high-resolution, non-destructive measurements of ultra-cold Rydberg gases and plasmas.
A velocity-selective spectroscopy technique for studying the spectra of Rydberg gases is presented. This method provides high-resolution spectrum measurements. We present experimental results for a ladder system 6S 1/2 → 6P 3/2 → n S(D) electromagnetically-induced transparency involving highly-excited Rydberg states. Based on a radio-frequency modulation technique, we measure the hyperfine structure splitting of intermediate states and the fine structure splitting of Rydberg states in a room temperature 133 Cs vapor cell. The experimental data and theoretical predictions show excellent agreement.