Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Optimization of electromagnetically induced transparency by changing the radial size of Laguerre–Gaussian laser modes

Thomas G. Akin, Sean Krzyzewski, Matthew Holtfrerich, E. R. I. Abraham

Published May 30, 2017• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold Rb87 with the control laser in a Laguerre–Gaussian mode and the probe laser in a Gaussian mode. The effects on EIT transmission spectra due to varying control mode sizes are explored and optimized. The narrowest EIT features that still exhibit large signal contrast occur when the control and probe laser have equivalent waists, despite the differences in the radial intensity profiles of the probe and control beams.

DOI
10.1364/josab.34.001286

Related papers

Extremely narrow resonances in electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption using a Laguerre-Gaussian control beam

Sapam Ranjita Chanu, Vasant Natarajan A

We observe resonances with width 20 times below the natural linewidth for a probe laser on an optical transition, when the same transition is driven by a control laser with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) profile. The basic mechanism is the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EITA). Aligning the Gaussian probe beam to the central hole in the LG control beam simultaneously allows a strong control intensity required for high signal-to-noise ratio and a low intensity in the probe region required to get narrow resonances. We observe these resonances on the $D_2$ line of Rb in a room-temperature vapor cell and show that the linewidth is reduced by a factor of 4 compared to the use of a Gaussian control beam, which should prove advantageous in all applications of EITA.

•Oct 29, 2011•0 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency in a dipolar molecular system with Laguerre–Gaussian mode

Abhay Mishra, B. N. Jagatap

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a molecular three-level Λ system with permanent dipole moments (PDMs) and the control beam in Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode is investigated. The results are compared with the atomic system where the use of LG mode yields EIT linewidth narrower than that with Gaussian mode. It is shown that in contrast to the atomic system, the linewidth of EIT in the dipolar molecular system with LG mode can be narrower as well as broader than that with Gaussian mode depending on the strength of the effective laser-molecule coupling. Peculiar space dependence of Bessel function in the laser-molecule coupling is at the origin of this distinctive feature. The results are further augmented by a discussion on PDM-mediated multi-photon absorption and multi-photon EIT profiles with LG and Gaussian modes.

Journal of Modern Optics•May 20, 2020•3 citations

Effects of laser beam diameter on electromagnetically induced transparency due to Zeeman coherences in Rb vapor

Stanko N. Nikolić, Aleksandar J. Krmpot, Nemanja Lučić +3 more

We experimentally studied the effects of laser beam diameter on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) due to Zeeman coherences induced by a laser resonant with the hyperfine transition Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 of 87Rb in a rubidium buffer gas cell. We use two laser beams of Gaussian intensity radial profile for laser beam diameters of 6.5 and 1.3 mm, laser intensities in the range of 0.1–35 mW cm−2 and cell temperatures between 60 and 82 °C. The results show that the amplitude of the normalized EIT resonance has a maximum at a laser intensity which depends on laser beam diameter and cell temperature. The laser intensity corresponding to the maximum EIT amplitude is higher for a smaller laser beam and higher cell temperature. The linewidth of Zeeman EIT resonance varies nearly linearly with laser intensity, almost independent of cell temperature and laser beam diameter.

Physica Scripta•Nov 1, 2013•5 citations

A comparative study of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-, V-, and Ξ-type systems using Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) laser beams

Samim Akhtar, Jayanta K. Saha, Md. Mabud Hossain

In this paper, a theoretical investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams has been carried out for the three canonical atom-laser coupled systems (e.g. [Formula: see text]-, V-, and [Formula: see text]-type) in [Formula: see text]Rb atom. The required optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived for each system. The OBEs are analytically solved in steady-state condition under the weak probe field approximation. We have used the iterative perturbative technique to obtain the probe coherence term. The probe response w.r.t. probe detuning for different orders of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of both the pump and probe LG beams has been studied. We have also studied the effect of the OAM number on probe response in both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened mediums. It has been observed that the EIT signal is squeezed for nonzero OAM number of the pump beam with arbitrary OAM number of the probe beam. It is found that for higher-order OAM number, the EIT signal is further squeezed. The modification of the EIT signal is attributed because of the spatial-dependent Rabi frequency. Our study demonstrates that the dynamic of the probe field inside an atomic medium may be controlled by tuning the OAM number of the LG beam.

Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials•Aug 20, 2023•5 citations

Influence of a laser beam radial intensity distribution on Zeeman electromagnetically induced transparency line-shapes in the vacuum Rb cell

Senka Ćuk, Aleksandar J. Krmpot, Milan Radonjić +2 more

Experimental and theoretical analyses show the effect of laser beam radial intensity distribution on line-shapes and line-widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We used Gaussian and Π (flat top) laser beam profiles, coupling the D1 transition of 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell in the Hanle experimental configuration. We obtained non-Lorentzian EIT line-shapes for a Gaussian laser beam, while line-shapes for a Π laser beam profile are very well approximated with Lorentzian. EIT line-widths, lower for Gaussian than for Π, show nonlinear dependence on laser intensity for both laser beam profiles. EIT amplitudes have similar values and dependence on laser intensity for both laser beams, showing the maximum at around 0.8 mW cm−2. Differences between the EIT line-shapes for the two profiles are mainly due to distinct physical processes governing atomic evolution in the rim of the laser beam, as suggested from the EIT obtained from the various segments of the laser beam cross-section.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Aug 5, 2013•6 citations

Polarization Spectroscopy Applied to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Hot Rydberg Atoms Using a Laguerre–Gaussian Beam

Naomy Duarte Gomes, B. F. Magnani, Jorge Douglas Massayuki Kondo +1 more

In this work, we have applied polarization spectroscopy to study electromagnetically induced transparency involving hot Rb85 Rydberg state in a vapor cell using a Laguerre–Gaussian mode beam. Such spectroscopy technique generates a dispersive signal, which allows a direct measurement of the transition linewidth. Our results show that the measured transition linewidth for a Laguerre–Gaussian mode control beam is narrower than for a Gaussian mode. Besides, it can be well reproduced by a simplified Lindblad master equation model.

Atoms•Jun 1, 2022•8 citations
We demonstrate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold Rb87 with the control laser in a Laguerre–Gaussian mode and the probe laser in a Gaussian mode. The effects on EIT transmission spectra due to varying control mode sizes are explored and optimized. The narrowest EIT features that still exhibit large signal contrast occur when the control and probe laser have equivalent waists, despite the differences in the radial intensity profiles of the probe and control beams.
We observe resonances with width 20 times below the natural linewidth for a probe laser on an optical transition, when the same transition is driven by a control laser with a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) profile. The basic mechanism is the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption (EITA). Aligning the Gaussian probe beam to the central hole in the LG control beam simultaneously allows a strong control intensity required for high signal-to-noise ratio and a low intensity in the probe region required to get narrow resonances. We observe these resonances on the D2D_2D2​ line of Rb in a room-temperature vapor cell and show that the linewidth is reduced by a factor of 4 compared to the use of a Gaussian control beam, which should prove advantageous in all applications of EITA.
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a molecular three-level Λ system with permanent dipole moments (PDMs) and the control beam in Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode is investigated. The results are compared with the atomic system where the use of LG mode yields EIT linewidth narrower than that with Gaussian mode. It is shown that in contrast to the atomic system, the linewidth of EIT in the dipolar molecular system with LG mode can be narrower as well as broader than that with Gaussian mode depending on the strength of the effective laser-molecule coupling. Peculiar space dependence of Bessel function in the laser-molecule coupling is at the origin of this distinctive feature. The results are further augmented by a discussion on PDM-mediated multi-photon absorption and multi-photon EIT profiles with LG and Gaussian modes.
We experimentally studied the effects of laser beam diameter on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) due to Zeeman coherences induced by a laser resonant with the hyperfine transition Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 of 87Rb in a rubidium buffer gas cell. We use two laser beams of Gaussian intensity radial profile for laser beam diameters of 6.5 and 1.3 mm, laser intensities in the range of 0.1–35 mW cm−2 and cell temperatures between 60 and 82 °C. The results show that the amplitude of the normalized EIT resonance has a maximum at a laser intensity which depends on laser beam diameter and cell temperature. The laser intensity corresponding to the maximum EIT amplitude is higher for a smaller laser beam and higher cell temperature. The linewidth of Zeeman EIT resonance varies nearly linearly with laser intensity, almost independent of cell temperature and laser beam diameter.
In this paper, a theoretical investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams has been carried out for the three canonical atom-laser coupled systems (e.g. [Formula: see text]-, V-, and [Formula: see text]-type) in [Formula: see text]Rb atom. The required optical Bloch equations (OBEs) are derived for each system. The OBEs are analytically solved in steady-state condition under the weak probe field approximation. We have used the iterative perturbative technique to obtain the probe coherence term. The probe response w.r.t. probe detuning for different orders of the orbital angular momentum (OAM) number of both the pump and probe LG beams has been studied. We have also studied the effect of the OAM number on probe response in both Doppler-free and Doppler-broadened mediums. It has been observed that the EIT signal is squeezed for nonzero OAM number of the pump beam with arbitrary OAM number of the probe beam. It is found that for higher-order OAM number, the EIT signal is further squeezed. The modification of the EIT signal is attributed because of the spatial-dependent Rabi frequency. Our study demonstrates that the dynamic of the probe field inside an atomic medium may be controlled by tuning the OAM number of the LG beam.
Experimental and theoretical analyses show the effect of laser beam radial intensity distribution on line-shapes and line-widths of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We used Gaussian and Π (flat top) laser beam profiles, coupling the D1 transition of 87Rb atoms in the vacuum cell in the Hanle experimental configuration. We obtained non-Lorentzian EIT line-shapes for a Gaussian laser beam, while line-shapes for a Π laser beam profile are very well approximated with Lorentzian. EIT line-widths, lower for Gaussian than for Π, show nonlinear dependence on laser intensity for both laser beam profiles. EIT amplitudes have similar values and dependence on laser intensity for both laser beams, showing the maximum at around 0.8 mW cm−2. Differences between the EIT line-shapes for the two profiles are mainly due to distinct physical processes governing atomic evolution in the rim of the laser beam, as suggested from the EIT obtained from the various segments of the laser beam cross-section.
In this work, we have applied polarization spectroscopy to study electromagnetically induced transparency involving hot Rb85 Rydberg state in a vapor cell using a Laguerre–Gaussian mode beam. Such spectroscopy technique generates a dispersive signal, which allows a direct measurement of the transition linewidth. Our results show that the measured transition linewidth for a Laguerre–Gaussian mode control beam is narrower than for a Gaussian mode. Besides, it can be well reproduced by a simplified Lindblad master equation model.