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Optics and Spectroscopy

Feasibility of polarization measurements free of temporal and spatial photon (shot) noise using squeezed states of light

I. V. Sokolov, Ya. A. Fofanov

Published Apr 1, 1993• 0 citations
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It is shown that, using a semiconductor laser, one can generate spatially antibunched light. This light displays a smaller variance when measured over finite spatial regions than light from a classical source. In analogy with the common (temporal) amplitude-squeezed light, which possess photon statistics that are more regularly spaced in time than a Poissonian, this spatially amplitude-squeezed light produces a beam having photon statistics that are more highly correlated across its transverse extent than the typical (having Poissonian detection statistics) laser beam. One may have a spatially amplitude-squeezed source which does not display temporal squeezing, and one may have a temporally amplitude-squeezed source which does not display spatial amplitude squeezing. The possibility of having both forms of amplitude squeezing simultaneously is considered and such a device, using semiconductor laser technology, is proposed. Analysis reveals that there is indeed a quantum correlation between different segments of the beam. This spatially antibunched light suffers less signal-to-noise degradation when spatially partitioned in the object or subsequent image planes, making it potentially superior in spatial light modulation, free-space transmission, or imaging applications.

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Squeezed light has been applied in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectroscopy [1] and microscopy [2] to break the shot-noise-limited sensitivity. The sub-shot-noise sensitivity achieved in quantum-enhanced SRS (QE-SRS) systems is advantageous for uncovering weak signals and achieving faster imaging speed, which attract the attention of biomedical scientists. To break the sensitivity of state-of-the-art SRS microscopes, the applied squeezed light power in QE-SRS systems should be high enough (>10mW). Recently, high-power picosecond-pulsed QE-SRS spectroscopy [3] based on balanced detection scheme [4] was reported, and a sensitivity that is comparable to state-of-the-art SRS microscopes was firstly demonstrated in QE-SRS microscopy based on the same scheme [5]. An important issue of QE-SRS based on balanced detection is the 3-dB additional noise, so >3-dB squeezing level is required to demonstrate an absolute sensitivity improvement compared with state-of-the-art SRS microscopes in single-photodiode detection scheme. However, it's hard to generate highly squeezed pulsed light because of the difficulty in temporal and spatial mode matching between squeezed vacuum (SQV) and local oscillator (LO). Here, we introduce QE-SRS in dual-polarization scheme, which can be implemented in high-power regime but is free from the 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio drawback.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jun 26, 2023•0 citations

Spatial-multimode broadband squeezing in both polarization components of an electromagnetic field

Mikhail I. Kolobov

The three-wave parametric down-conversion in an uniaxial crystal with type-II phase matching is considered. It is established that by these conditions the spatial-multimode broadband squeezed states of light are generated with two orthogonal elliptical polarizations. The eigen-polarization-vectors of multimode squeezed light on the entry and at the exit of the crystal are found. It is shown that the homodyne reception of such light can reduce the photodetection noise of the surface current density below the shot noise in some time and space regions for both eigen-polarization-vectors of light. The frequency and spatial-frequency spectrum of the current density for both eigen-polarization-vectors is calculated. A clear explanation of multimode squeezing for both polarizations is given.

Physical Review A•Aug 1, 1991•12 citations
It is shown that, using a semiconductor laser, one can generate spatially antibunched light. This light displays a smaller variance when measured over finite spatial regions than light from a classical source. In analogy with the common (temporal) amplitude-squeezed light, which possess photon statistics that are more regularly spaced in time than a Poissonian, this spatially amplitude-squeezed light produces a beam having photon statistics that are more highly correlated across its transverse extent than the typical (having Poissonian detection statistics) laser beam. One may have a spatially amplitude-squeezed source which does not display temporal squeezing, and one may have a temporally amplitude-squeezed source which does not display spatial amplitude squeezing. The possibility of having both forms of amplitude squeezing simultaneously is considered and such a device, using semiconductor laser technology, is proposed. Analysis reveals that there is indeed a quantum correlation between different segments of the beam. This spatially antibunched light suffers less signal-to-noise degradation when spatially partitioned in the object or subsequent image planes, making it potentially superior in spatial light modulation, free-space transmission, or imaging applications.
Squeezed light has been applied in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectroscopy [1] and microscopy [2] to break the shot-noise-limited sensitivity. The sub-shot-noise sensitivity achieved in quantum-enhanced SRS (QE-SRS) systems is advantageous for uncovering weak signals and achieving faster imaging speed, which attract the attention of biomedical scientists. To break the sensitivity of state-of-the-art SRS microscopes, the applied squeezed light power in QE-SRS systems should be high enough (>10mW). Recently, high-power picosecond-pulsed QE-SRS spectroscopy [3] based on balanced detection scheme [4] was reported, and a sensitivity that is comparable to state-of-the-art SRS microscopes was firstly demonstrated in QE-SRS microscopy based on the same scheme [5]. An important issue of QE-SRS based on balanced detection is the 3-dB additional noise, so >3-dB squeezing level is required to demonstrate an absolute sensitivity improvement compared with state-of-the-art SRS microscopes in single-photodiode detection scheme. However, it's hard to generate highly squeezed pulsed light because of the difficulty in temporal and spatial mode matching between squeezed vacuum (SQV) and local oscillator (LO). Here, we introduce QE-SRS in dual-polarization scheme, which can be implemented in high-power regime but is free from the 3-dB signal-to-noise ratio drawback.
The three-wave parametric down-conversion in an uniaxial crystal with type-II phase matching is considered. It is established that by these conditions the spatial-multimode broadband squeezed states of light are generated with two orthogonal elliptical polarizations. The eigen-polarization-vectors of multimode squeezed light on the entry and at the exit of the crystal are found. It is shown that the homodyne reception of such light can reduce the photodetection noise of the surface current density below the shot noise in some time and space regions for both eigen-polarization-vectors of light. The frequency and spatial-frequency spectrum of the current density for both eigen-polarization-vectors is calculated. A clear explanation of multimode squeezing for both polarizations is given.